^ ,4< 




Catalogur 

IPan Cortlantit H^ousc iRuscum 

for tlif 

il)utisou Jfulton Celebration 



j^mctccn IjuiiDifD aiiD mnc 



Catalogue 

IPau (Cortlantit Ji)omt iWxmmn 

for tlK 

J;)ut)5oa jfultou Crirbvatiou 




September 

1 000 



The Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission 

Appointed by the Governor of the State of New York and the 
Mayor of the City of New York and chartered by Chap- 
ter 325, Laws of the State of New York, 1906 

LIST OF OFFICERS 
President 

Gen. Stewart L. Woodford 

Presiding Vice-President 

Mr. Herman Ridder 

Vice-Presidents 

Mr. Andrew Carnegie Mr. John E. Parsons 

Hon. Joseph H. Choate Gen. Horace Porter 

Maj.-Gen. F. D. Grant, U.S. A. Hon. Frederick W. Seward 

Hon. Seth Low Mr. Francis Lynde Stetson 

Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan Hon. Oscar S. Straus 

Hon. Levi P. Morton Mr. Wm. B. Van Rensselaer 

Hon. Alton B. Parker Gen. Jas. Grant Wilson 

Treasurer- 

Mr. Isaac N. Seligman 

No. I William Street, New York 
Secretary A ss i s t a n t- S e c r e t a ry 

Mr. Henry W. Sackett Mr. Edward Hagaman Hall 

Art and Historical Exhibits Committee 

Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan, General Chairmafi 

Sub-Committee in 
Charge of Scientific and Historical Exhibits 

Dr. George F. Kunz, Chairman 

401 Fifth Avenue, New York 

Mr. Samuel V. Hoffman Prof. Henry Fairfield Osborn 

Mr. Archer M. Huntington Mr. Philip T. Dodge 

Sub-Committee in 
Charge of Arts Exhibits 

Hon. Robt. W. de Forest, Chairman 

Metropolitan Museum of Art 

Sir Caspar Purdon Clarke Mr. George F. Hearn 

Dr. Edward Robinson Dr. George F. Kunz 



Headquarters: Tribune Building, New York 

Telephones: Beekman 3097 and 3098 
Western Union Cable Address: **Hudfulco'* 



Gift from 
Wr«. Opal Logan Kurrai 
Nov. 2Q« 1933 



ERRATA 

Page II, article 34. Throughout this catalogue Hepple- 
white has been erroneously spelled Heppelwhite. 
Page II, article 40. For Maker read Marked. 
Page 13, paragraph 4. For Lad-ware read Sad-ware. 
Page 18, article ^s. For tender read fender. 
Page 28, article 39. Add the word design after Chinese. 
Page 47, article 27. Flower not flour. 
Page 49, paragraph 2. Separate not seperate. 
Page 52, article 15. Omit " used by General Washington.' 



preface 

To all who feel a national and civic pride in the 
commemoration of events connected with the early 
traditions of America, this exhibition will be of peculiar 
interest. 

The house and its furnishings form a Colonial 
setting for the portraits and manuscripts of men, both 
English and American, whose lives and actions made 
dur history. 

As Bacon says in The Proficience and Advance- 
ment of Learning : ** Industrious persons, by an exact 
and scrupulous diligence and observation out of 
monuments, names, words, proverbs, traditions, private 
records and evidences, fragments of stories, passages 
of books that concern not story, and the like, do save 
and recover somewhat from the deluge of time." 



Collfftiou of Olt) iHf>50tiuts 

SOUTH-EAST ROOM 

Portraits of those who were prominent in political circles 

prior to the Revolution and closely associated 

with affairs in this country 

1. Colonel Isaac Barre. By H. I). Hamilton. Engraved 
by R. Houston. R. Sayer, excudit. London: printed for Robt. 
Sayer, No. 33 Fleet Street. Published as the Act directs, 
2 July, 1771. 

Author of the name ''Sons of Liberty." In American History 
a name ajjplicd to an organization extending throughout all the 
Colonics (apposing first the Stamp Act and afterwards advocating 
separation Irom Cireat liritain. 

When the Stamp Act was proposed in 1764, secret organiza- 
tions, chiefly of workingmcn. were formed in the various colonies 
to resist it. Colonel Harr^, in a speech in Parliament, February, 
1765, used the phrase **Sons of Lil)erty." \vhi( h w.is at once 
adopted by these Societies. 

With the passage of the Stamp Act, they Um,^ ii»e lead in 
opposition to its enforcement and prevented its execution by 
force. Owing to the activity of certain members in New York, 
the Sons of Liberty were perhaps more important in New York 
than in any other colony. 

In New York they controlled the Commillcc of Safety, and in 
177.^ the calling of a Continental Congress was in part due to 
tlicm. In (ieorgia they were called Liberty Hoys, and finally 
drove the Royal (iovcrnor from the State. 

Colonel Harr<J expressed most decidedly his views in regard 
to the attitude of Great Britain to America. He said he 
execrati'd the prnal measures of Parliament: **The Americans 
will not abainlon their prin« iples, if they submit, tluy will be 
slaves." Colonel Barre was the companion anil friend of Cieneral 
Wolff, sharer of all the dangers and glories of Louisbcrg and 
(Juebec. 

2. Sir Peter Warren. Painted by Thos. Hudson. 
Kngraved by j. l'al)cr. Printed for Robt. Sayer, opposite Fetter 
Lane, Fleet Street. (C!hace Coat of Arms.) 

Vice-Adniiral of the Red Sijuailron of His Nfajestie's Fleet and 
Knight of the Most Honorable Order of the Batli, 175 i. 

Commoilorc, afterwartls Sir Peter, Warren should be remem- 
bered in New York City, as he was the only prominent New 
Yorker who contributed to Massachusetts' greatest Colonial 
achievement. As Commander of the blockading sijuadron, 
Commodore Warren cajUured the French relief ship Vigilant, in 
sight of Louisberg, which brought about its fall. For this he 
was knighted. It brought him into note in English maritime 
affairs and also into prominence in New York politics. He had 
the very greatest influence at home, as the English (lovernment 
gave him almost the entire credit for the reduction of Louisberg. 

5 



3. The Right Honorable George Grenville. Painted by 
Wm. Hoare. Engraved by James Watson. Printed for John 
Bowles, at the Black Horse in Cornhill, London. 

First Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty and one of His 
Majesty's Most Honorable Privy Council. 

Premier of England 1763-1765. As Chancellor of the Eng- 
lish Exchequer, Grenville in 1765 proposed a bill for taxing the 
Colonies through a stamp duty. No serious opposition was 
expected, but the measure aroused great excitement in America 
as an attempt at taxation without representation. The Stamp 
Act Congress, which met in New York on October 7th, 1765, 
declared the Stamp Act to have a manifest tendency to subvert 
the rights and liberties of the Colonies. 

To Grenville must be ascribed the alienation of the affections 
of the American Colonies from the Mother Country. He never 
swerved from his determination to impose a tax through Parlia- 
ment and to enforce its collection by all the forces at the disposal 
of the Administration. 

4. The Right Honourable William Pitt, Esqr. Done 

from an original picture in the possession of Earl Temple, by 
Richd. Houston. London: Painted for Robert Sayer, Map and 
Printseller at the Golden Buck, near Sergeant's Inn, Fleet Street. 
Published according to Act of Parliament, 20 April, 1766. 
One of His Majesty's Most Honorable Privy Council. 

5. His Excellency Jonathan Belcher, Esqr. Painted by 
R. Phillips. Engraved by J. Faber, 1734. (Coat of Arms.) 
Motto: Loyal au mort. 

Captain General and Governor in Chief of His Majesty's 
Provinces of Massachusetts and New Hampshire in New England 
and Vice Admiral of the Same. 

It was his financial assistance which made possible the found- 
ing of Princeton College. 

6. Sir Charles Hardy. Painted by Thos. Hudson. 
Engraved by P. Dawe, London. Published as the Act directs, 
23rd of September, 1779, by Robt. Wilkinson, at No. 58 in 
Cornhill. 

Admiral of the White and Commander in Chief of His 
Majesty's Fleet in the Channel. Grandson of Sir Thomas Hardy, 
his father was also an Admiral. Born about 17 13, in 1741 in 
command of the Red of 40 guns; 1755 knighted and appointed 
Governor of New York; rear Admiral of the White; acted under 
Boscawen at the Reduction of Louisberg in 1758; married to 
Miss Stanyan, 1759; commanded under Hawke in the battle of 
Belle Isle, 1764; M. P. for Rochester and for Plymouth, 1771; 
Admiral of the White in command of the grand fleet in 1779. 
Died at the Fountain Tavern in Portsmouth, 19th of May, 1780. 

7. The Right Honorable Frederick Lord North. Painted 
by N. Dance. Engraved by T. Burke. Published Sept. 20th, 
1775? t)y Wm. Wynne Ryland, engraver to His Majesty, No. 159 
near Somerset House, Strand, London. 

6 



First Lord Commissioner of His Majesty's Treasury, Chan- 
cellor and Under Treasurer of the Kxchequer, Chancellor of the 
University of Oxford. One of His Majesty's Most Honorable 
Privy Council, Knight of the M()«>t Noble Order of the Carter, 
etc. 

8. John Wilkes, Esqr. Four times elected Member of 
ParlianiL-iii fur tii*- ('ouiiiy of Middlesex. Alderman of the 
Ward (){ larnngd'jn Without. 

9. Augustus Keppel, Viscount. Painted by G. Romney. 
Kngravcd by W . I )it.kins<>n, I.oiuImii. Published .March 30th, 
1779, by Dickinson c^: Watson, .\o. 158 .New Bond Street. 

An Knglish .Admiral, second son of Wm. .\nne Keppel, second 
Earl of Albemarle. 

Commanded the North American Squadron in 1755. .Made a 
successful expedition to Cuba when Havana was captured in 1762. 

10. Eticnne Frangois Due dc Choiscul. Painted by 
L. .\1. \ aiihio. Kngravcd by Kobt. l.owcry. Excudit by 
R. Sayer. Imp.: k Londres chcz Robt. Saver, Fleet Street No. 
53, Publi<5 s<Jlon I'Acte du Parlement le Mai, 1771. Stephen 
Francis, Due de Choiseul. Engraved by R. Laril after Vanloo. 

Exile le 24 Deccmbrc, 1770. 

La France le regarde ♦♦•♦•♦• Solatia I^ctus 
Exigua ingcntis. 

liorn 1 7 19; appointed Ambassador and leading Minister by 
Louis XV; concluilcd the treaty called Pacte de Famille. relat- 
ing to the various branches of the Hourbon House. On the 
death of Mme. Pompadour in 1764, his influence declined and he 
was exiled in 1770. He was recalled on the accession of Louis 
XV' I, and died May, 1785. An intimate personal friend of 
Franklin and very active in l)ehalf of .America. 

11. Major General Jannes Wolfe. From an Original 
Picture in ihc Possession of Her. Smith, Esqr. Engraved by 
Corbus. 

Commaniler in Chief of His Majesty's Forces on the Expedi- 
tion against (Quebec. 

12. J. Fothergill, M.D. l'aii»icii \>\ <> .^ui.ni. l^.i^ravcd 
by V. Creen. Mezzotints Engraver to His Majesty and to the 
Elector Palatine. Published June i, 1781, by G. Stuart, V. Green, 
No. 29 Newman Street, Oxford Street. 

Quaker physician and friend of Franklin. Inscription at 
Carr End in Yorkshire: 1712 of (Quaker parents; came to London 
in 1736 and attained greal eminence as a physician, ac(juiring a 
fortune which was c«)mpuled at ^80,000. He died at his house 
in Harper Street, 26 Dec, 1786, and was interred at the 
Quaker's burying ground at Winchmore Hill. He had a great 
taste for Natural History, especially botany and shells and formed 
fine collections in these pursuits. He also purchased for 80 
guineas the English portraits collected by Mrs. John Nicholls of 
Ware, arranged in four folio and six quarto volumes, a catalogue 
of which was published by Ames in 1748; these were purchased 

7 



at Dr. Fothergill's death for 200 guineas by Thane the print- 
seller who broke up the volumes and disposed of the prints 
separately, realizing an exceedingly large profit on the trans- 
action. These prints are occasionally met with and may be 
recognized by having been cut to the plate mark and inlaid in 
an ugly colored border. 

13. B. Franklin, of Philadelphia, LL.D., F.R.S. Painted 
by M. Chamberlin. Engraved by E. Fisher. Sold by M. Cham- 
berlin in Stewart Street Old Artillery Ground, Spittalfields. 

The greatest diplomatist of his century. In 1766 Franklin, 
referring to the taxation by Parliament, said: "I will freely 
spend nineteen shillings in the pound to defend my right of 
giving or refusing the other shilling. " His efforts never ceased 
until peace and international good-will were established between 
England and America. 

14. Lord Loughborough. 

15. Earl Temple. Painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds. 
Engraved by W. Dickinson. London: Pub. May 10th, 1778. 
(Coat of Arms.) Motto: Templa quam Delecta. 

16. Mr. Sergeant Glyn. Member of Parliament for the 
County of Middlesex. 

i6a. John Wilkes, Esqr. Elected Knight of the Shire for 
the County of Middlesex, 29th March, 1768. Alderman of the 
Ward of Farringdon Without. 

i6b. The Reverend Mr. John Home. Painted by Robt. 
Houston. Published as the Act directs, Feb. 6th, 1769, by 
Robt. Sayer at No. 53 in Fleet Street, & John Smith at 35 in 
Cheapside, London. 

Minister of New Brentford. 

17. The Right Honorable Charles Pratt. Painted by 
W. Hoare. Engraved by J. Spilsbury. Published according to 
Act of Parliament by J. Spilsbury, Engraver and Map and Print- 
seller in Russell Court, Covent Garden. July 20, 1766. 

Lord Camden, Baron Camden of Camden Place, in the 
County of Kent and Lord Chief Justice of His Majesty's Court 
of Common Pleas. 

i8. The Honorable Robt. Monckton. Published accord- 
ing to Act of Parliament by Wm. Austin, Drawing Master at the 
Print Warehouse in Bond Street, London. 

Major-General of His Majesty's Forces, Colonel of the 17th 
Regt. of Foot and Governor of Berwick, to whom this Plate is 
dedicated with the greatest respect by his most obed't servant, 
Wm. Austin. 

Robert Monckton appointed Captain-General and Governor 
of New York by the King on March 20th, 1761. 

He was second in command to General Wolfe at Quebec. 

19. Lord George Germain. Painted by G. Romney. 
Engravedby John Jacobs. Excudit by John Boydell. Published 
November ist, 1780, by John Boydell, Engraver in Cheapside, 

8 



London. (Coat of Anns.) .Moltn: " Aut nunciuam Tentes aut 
nunqiiani perficet." 

One of His Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, etc. 

20. The Right Noble Charles Marquis of Rockingham. 
Painted by Sir J(;shua Reynolds. Engraved by K. Ii^her. I'ub- 
lished as the Act directs Aug. 15th, 1774, by K. Fisher, South 
Side of Leicester S(|uare, London. (Second state.) 

Karl uf .Malt(jn, Viscount Higham of Highani Ferrers, Haron 
Ro( kingham of Rockingham, Haron of Malton & of NVaih \ 
Harowden, Lonl Lieut. & Custs. Rotulorni. of the West Riding 
of the County of York, & Custs. Rotm. of the North Riding of 
the said County and Vice Adml. of the Maritic. Ports thereof, 
etc. 

Horn 1730, succeeded his father as 2nd Marquess in 1750; 
first Lord of the Treasury, 1765-66; leader of the Opposition in 
the House of Lortls iluring Lord North's administration; again 
Premier in 1782, but tlicd suddenly on the ist uf July in that 
year. 

31. Charles Townshend. '725-1767. Painted by J. 
RcynoM.s. I'ingraved by J. Dixon. 

C!hancellor of the Kxchcquer in 1766. Famed for incompar- 
able talents anil extreme instability. Courted by all parlies, but 
never possessing ihc confidence of any. On .March ninth, 1763, 
I'ownshend introduced the first part of the scheme for taxing 
America by an .Act of Parliament. He championed various 
measures of oppression against the American Colonies known as 
*' The Acts of 1767." 

22. Sir Charles Hardy, Knt. Painted by O. Romney. 
Kn;;ravetl l)y \N . Dickinson. London: Published January aist, 
17.S1, by Dickinson iS: Watson, No 158 New Bond Street. 

Admiral of the White. ( ommander-inC'hicf of His Majesty's 
ships in the (h.mnel and Master of (ircenwich Hospital. 

23. Charles, Duke of Richmond, &c. 177S. Painted by 
(i. Romney. Kngravcd by J. Watson, i'ubiished according to 
Act «)f Parliament, December 21st, 1778. 

A minority leailer of the House of Lords; he steadily opposed 
liie King's American policy. F'Tctjucntlv spoke of the Con- 
tinental ;\rmy as "Our .\rmv." 

24. Jeffrey, First Lord Amherst. 1 717-1797. Painted 
by J. Reynolds. Kngravcd by J. Watson, 1766. 

.•\n Knglish general of much celebrity, whose long service in 
America began in 1758, when he commanded the successful 
expeditions against Louisburg and Fort du Quesne. Hrave and 
daring in miiul he early conceived the idea, and determined that 
the whole of Canada should become a British province — in 
(juick succession followed one successful campaign after another 
until the eiul was accomplished. He was appointed commander- 
in-chief of all the forces in .America, and (lovernor-Cieneral of 
the liritish {provinces in 1760. Many honors were conferretl in 
recognition of his services, among which in 1776 he was created 
Baron .Vmherst of Homesdale in Kent. 



25. Catherine Macaulay, Aet 32. Painted by Kath. Read. 
Engraved by J. Spilsbury. Printed for Jno. Spilsbury, Engraver 
and Map and Printseller in Russell Court, Covent Garden, Sep- 
tember, 1764. 

Author of History of England, daughter of John Sawbridge, 
married ist in 1760 Dr. George Macaulay, married 2nd Mr. 
Graham. Came to America in 1785, where she was exceedingly 
popular. 

26. Edmund Burke, Esqr. Painted by Sr. Joshua Rey- 
nolds. Engraved by James Watson. London: Printed for J. 
Watson in Queen Ann Street, near Titchfield Street, Oxford 
Road. Published as the Act directs, 20 June, 1770. 

Well known as an upholder of America. When the Repeal 
was moved and Cornwall stated the question to be simply 
''whether the whole of British authority over America should 
be taken away," Edmund Burke pronounced an oration such as 
had never been heard in the British Parliament. He first 
demonstrated that the repeal of the tax would be productive of 
unmixed good. He entreated Parliament to " reason not at all." 
Again and again he entreated. "Revert to your old principles," 
he urged. " Seek peace and ensue it." '' Leave America, if she 
has taxable matter, to tax herself." But even after his splendid 
eloquence, no more members divided with him than forty-nine, 
while on the other side stood nearly four times as many. 

The legislature of New York unanimously elected Edmund 
Burke their agent in England, allowing for his services at the 
rate of five hundred pounds per annum. 

27. The Right Reverend Jonathan Shipley. Painted by 
Sir. Jos. Reynolds. Engraved by J. R. Smith. Published 5th 
February, 1777, by J. R. Smith, No. 10 Bateman's Buildings, 
John Square. 

Bishop of St. Asaph. An intimate friend of Benjamin Frank- 
lin. Active in support of America in the House of Lords. 

28. Thomas Pownall, Esqr. Painted by Coles. Engraved 
by Earlom. London: Printed for R. Sayer & J. Bennett, No. 
53 Fleet Street; as the Act directs, 5th June, 1777. 

Member of Parliament. Active in support of America in the 
House of Commons. Late Governor Captain General and Com- 
mander in Chief and Vice Admiral of His Majesty's Provinces 
Massachusetts Bay and South Carolina and Lieut. Governor of 
New Jersey. 

29. The Honorable Edward Vernon, Esqr. 1684-1757. 
To the Rt. Hon. the Lord Mayor, the Court of Aldermen 

and ye Common Council of ye City of London this Plate is 
humbly dedicated by their most obedient servt., John Faber. 

Sold by Faber at the Golden Head in Bloomsbury Square. 
T. Barthwell, pinxit; J. Faber, fecit, 1740. 

Vice Admiral of the Blue and Commander-in-Chief of all His 
Majesty's Ships in the West Indies. He entered Parliament in 
1722. Served in the War of the Spanish Succession 1701-13. 
Had charge of the Expedition against Cartagena. Three 




NO. '2.^ Mil H«>N<>KAI«l.K tDWARI) VKKNdN. ESoK.. M>*'4-I757 



companies for it enrolled from Virginia — Record dated August 
sixth, 1740, in which Lawrence Washington served as Captain. 

Mount Vernon was named by Lawrence Washington after 
his old friend and companion in arms, Admiral Vernon. 

Struck from the list of Admirals in 1746 for publishing a 
couple of pamphlets against the admiralty. 

SOUTH-EAST ROOM 

30. Walnut round tilt-top table. Caivvd >LaijUani. with 
rat claw feet. About 1775. 

31. Octagonal table cabinet. 

32. Mahogany window scat. Sheraton style. Arms at 
either end carveil in Ijraiiches ^)( leaves crossed; legs carved in 
acanthus leaf design, terminating in brass claw feet. 

33-38. Two carved mahogany chairs. Chippendale style ; 
ball and claw feet, scat slightly curved; no supports. Pure 
style, about 1 760. 

34. ••Pembroke Table." So named according tu Shera- 
ton, from the name of the lady who first ordered one. Inlaid. 
Mahogany, f)ne drawer. lieppelwhitc style. 

35. High glass vase, with cover, cameo cutting, seven 
coats of arms on body. Height, 17 inches. 

36. Carved and gilded mirror, in original state. Plaster 
gilt in llower design, las^el at either end, in center large rosette 
surmounted with (lowers. Sheraton design. 

37. Mahogany chair. L"?* Chippendale. Straight legs. 

About I 775 

39. Mahogany arm chair. Chippendale, showing (iothic 

inlUieiue, arms nut on^ina'. (!(nible ogee curve, kjronvfd K-i'v. 
underbraced. 1770. 

40. Spinnct. Inlaid case, straight tapering legs. .Maker, 

H.tkcr Hams. London, fecit. 1771. 

41. Tall candle-stand, with two holders and snuffers. 

Steel aiui brass. .MuMlc ot' iSth century. 

42. Round-a-bout chair. Chippendale style, front foot 
ball and claw. Splats handsomely carved, rope moulding about 

bottom of frame. 

43. Chair. Chippendale style, ball and claw feet, carved 
mahogany. About 1760. 

44. Round-a-bout chair. K.xlciisimh lop^ crossed stretches, 
straight legs, four ball feet. Chippendale. 

45. Arm chair. French, painted, Louis XVI style, origin- 
ally at .Mount N'ernon. A gift to Van Cortlandt Museum from 
Mrs. John Crosby Brown. 

46. Mahogany tilt-top tripod table. Kdges of top cut in 
double ogee curves; claw feet and carved knees. 

II 



47' Dutch carved oak Bible-box. Scandinavian design in 
the style of tlie first half of the 17th century. 

48. Mahogany ladder-back chair. Chippendale design, 
straight legs. About 1770. 

49-50. Pair of tall glass candle-sticks, with glass shades, 
in original condition. 

51-52. Pair of vases. Cameo decoration. Front design, 
Figure of Fame pointing to monument on which is inscribed 
*' Howe and Nelson"; on back, figure of Mercury. 

53. Covered Staffordshire blue and white vase. Wedg- 
wood figure design on top of cover. 

This is one of a garniture of five and is a fine and rare piece. 

54-55. Pair of miniature portraits. Paper, ''Deborah 
Dennis, wife of Joseph Freeman, New London, Conn. ; Daniel 
Henry Freeman, their son, aged twenty-six years. 

Joseph Freeman was seventh in direct descent from Elder 
Brewster on the distaff side, and his ancestor was one of the 
seventy settlers of New London who received their grant from 
Queen Anne. 

These miniatures were made by a woman of New London, in 
1769, name unknown." 

56. Pierced brass fender. Brass steeple andirons and 
fire shovel. 

Over-mantle. In Georgian style, broken arch pediment, 
outer moulding carved in leaf design, inner moulding in egg and 
dart, center of broken arch, urn with flowers. Fire back. 
Adam and Eve with Phoenix arising from flame. 



12 



Cljc ^3r\Mtcrfi'G Ciaftc 

The use of pewter utensils for the household succeeded 
wood, but it went out slowly and gradually before the more 
general adoption of china and earthenware. 

The earliest pewter of best quality was made of tin with as 
much brass as the tin could take up. Another alloy less fine 
was tin and lead. The tankards and mugs used in public houses 
had such a great prcjportion of lead that they were sometimes 
known as "black metal," because they tarnished so easily. 

In the pewicrer's trade, the various (jualitiesof the metal are 
still known as plate, trifle and ley. Pewter is manufactured 
now, as it was more than five hundred years ago, by casting and 
hammering. I'hc best material for moulds for casting pewter is 
gun-metai. 

** Lad-ware" men worked at heavy articles, such as plates, 
dishes, chargers and trenchers. 

"Hollow-ware" men worked at large pots, measures, tank- 
ards, flagons, pint pots, etc. 

Triflcrs worketl in trifle metal on lighter wares, spoons, forks, 
buckles, buttons, toys, etc. Pewter toys date back to Roman 
times, and have been dug up at various places in England and 
on the (!ontinent. The marking of pewter was first made com- 
pulsory by Act of Parliament in 1503. This Act also provided 
the makers of i)ewter wares shouUl mark the same with several 
marks of their own, " to the intent that the makers shall avow 
the same wares by them to be wrought." The ** Touch-mark" 
spoken of in connection with ptwter, is the mark of the maker 
of each particular piece. It may be his name accompanied by 
some device like a rose, a figure, or an animal. 

The weight of the lids of tankards was generally carried on 
an upright pewter pillar, clampeil on the upper side of the 
handle. In 1552, in London, " Kvery Saltcrdayc," the makers 
of the pewter lids were compelled to bring their whole weekly 
output to the Hall, that if they were judged sufficiently well 
wrought, the lids might be stamped outside with the mark of the 
Hall, as well as with the makers own personal mark. Metal 
confiscated on the ground of being bad in (|uality was generally 
stampeil with a broad arrow. In 1697, none might strike the 
letter X e.xcept upon extraonlinary ware, commonly calleil 
"hard metal ware." In Kngland pewter was owned by rich 
prelates as early as 1427. I' or a long time the chief users of 
pewter were the ecclesiastics. In 134S the London Ordinances 
mention " disshes, chargeours, pottes, cruettes, cistils, all of fine 
pewter, besides cullenders, kettles, tobacco-pots, egg-cups, 
cranes, fish-plates, hash dishes and fowl boilers." Karly in the 
Sixteenth Century pewter held an honourable position in the 
furniture of a household, anil was too valuable to be common. 
In the " trew inventory" of the house furnishings of an English 
Knight, in 1618, mention is maile of pewter " boyle-meat dishes, 
or deep platters, large platters, pcwlcr flaggon-j)otts, sallet 
dishes, nyne pewter candlesticks in the kytchin and the 

13 



kytchin entry." As the pewterers grew more expert, the 
designs improved. An old book tells us : "Pewterers who in 
time past imploied the use of pewter onlie upon pots, dishes and 
other trifles for use at home, are now growne unto such exquisite 
cunning that they can in manner imitate by infusion anie fashion 
or forme of cup, dish, salt bowle or goblet made by the gold- 
smith's crafts, though they be never so curious, exquisite and 
artificially forged. Of porringers, pots and the like, I speake 
not, albeit that in the making of all these things, there is such 
exquisite diligence used, I meane for the mixture of the mettall 
and true making of this commoditie as the like is not to be 
found in any other trade." So much pewter ware was recast 
when damaged, instead of being repaired, that thus many old 
pieces disappeared. The charm of well-designed, well-wrought 
pewter lies in the form and color. A shelf of old pewter with 
its " moonlight sheen " bespeaks a dignity and reposefulness all 
its own. 



14 



©mtng 9^oont 



1. Round pewter platter. Gadrooned, moulded rim, pre- 
sumably Flemish. Hall mark illegible. Diameter, 13% inches. 

2. Pewter gill measure. Hall marked on edge. Dixon 
and Son. In front " Imperial." A crown between the initials 
G R, with IV below. 

3. Round pewter platter. Gadrooned. In center, Agnes 
Dei on book with five seals. Inscription, Abter Bildhausen. 
1771. A N, Agn. Dei. 

Mark repeated three times of angel with scales in one hand, 

bell in other, in an oval surrounded by Georg — Kn L I 

Flemish? 

4. Dutch pewter cofTee urn. Three ball feet with wooden 
supports, wooden finial on cover, two handles. Height, 18 
inches. 

5. Pewter tray. Engraved, irregular border; rose crowned. 
Angel blowing trumpet, Fleur-de-lis beneath. Probably French. 
Diameter, 11 inches. 

6. Oval two-handled pewter dish. Gadrooned edge. 
Hall marked in center, i — semi-griffen,2 — three crowns, Hus — pitt 
above, 3 — crown above and S. W. fein, fSn^^ below. All 
three in cartouches. Diameter, ig% by 11^ inches. 

7. Pewter tankard with chain and handle. Two marks, 
one F, crown in circle — the other on outside lid, illegible. Body 
octagonal. 

8. Pewter punch bowl. Monteith. Two handles, X crown. 
Height, 8^ inches. 

The Monteith is a punch bowl which in silver came into 
fashion about 1697. It had a movable rim ornamented around 
the top with escallops or battlements to form indentations in 
which glasses were placed with the feet outwards. 

9. Pewter chocolate pot. Gadrooned, moulded spout, 
leather covered handle. 

10. Large pewter charger. Moulded five-sided border. 
Monogram, W. F. 

Originally belonged to Walter Franklin, of Franklin Square, 
New York, and was in house when occupied as first Presidential 
mansion, by General George Washington, April, 1789. 

Marked, '* Made in London. John . Superfine hard 

metal." X crowned. Diameter, 17^ inches. 

11. Oval pewter meat platter. Hall marked. His 
Majesty's patent. Royal coat-of-arms. Motto: Dieu et mon 
droit. 

15 



12-13. Pair round pewter platters. Crest on border. 
Maker, James Tisoe,* on back. 1764. Diameter, 18 inches. 

14. Pewter spoon rack. Heart-shaped, copper ring handle. 

Hall marked. German eagle. Pros. illegible. G. L. in 

shield. 

15. Pewter flagon. Mid band, S handle. Mark on bot- 
tom and inside the lid — Fein — standing figure of Justice bearing 
sword and scales in cartouche. Name illegible. On top of 
cover, C. F. 1792. Height, 12 inches. 

16. Pewter flagon. Very similar to No. 15. Three marks 
on back of handle. Large rose on bottom. On thumb piece, 
F. I. D. R. 

17. Engraved pewter pitcher. Double acorn thumb piece. 
Maker's mark. Rose crown. N. D. in crown. 

18. Pewter milk can. Made to be carried by straps. 
Marked on bottom. Crowned hand with J. P. S. surrounding, 
all within cross. Height, iSj4 inches. 

19. Pewter tankard. Moulded base; thumb piece broken 
off; coat-of-arms. Engraved floral design. Marked 1788, I. D. S. 
Three Hall marks; date in one, 1708. 

20. Pewter urn. Adam design. Engraved drapery dec- 
oration; green ivory spigot, four ball feet. Marked I. V. 

21-22. Pair pewter candle-sticks. Inverted floral design. 
Height, 8 inches. 

23. Pewter teapot. Fluted sides. Cartouche on each. 
Initials E. H., engraved. Maker, I. Vickers, on bottom. 
Height, 6 inches. 

ON DINING TABLE 

24. Pewter hot water plate. Gadrooned edge, two drop 
handles. 

Three round pewter plates, with gadrooned edges. 
Coats-of-arms on border. Four marks. One, Burfordf 
and Green, J; in a cartouche surrounding coat-of-arms on 
backs, and three imitation Hall marks — Lion, Britan- 
nica. Leopard's head — on edge. 

Pewter meat platter. Irregular moulded edge. 
Two coats-of-arms engraved on border. 

* James Tisoe. Livery 1746. Renter Warden 1764. 

Maker's mark. A portcullis; Christian name above and surname below, in 
curved scrolls. 

f Thomas Burford. Livery 1750. Upper Warden latter part of 1778. 

:}: James Green. Livery 1750. Steward 1760. Upper Warden first part 
of 1778. 

Maker's marks. On a shield, a cross with two cross crosslets, fitchee in 
chief, for Burford; impaling three stags tripping, for Green; names above and 
below, in curved scrolls. 

16 



Pair pewter salt cellars. Gadrooned. One with 
standing figure of Justice bearing sword and scales. 
Initials J. V. L., all in shield. 

Pair spoon holders. Height, 6 inches. 

Pair of pepper boxes. 

Mustard pot. 

Pair pewter candle-sticks. Marked — 1 cm — in 
three shields. Heiv,'ht. 7'^ inches. 

Pair pewter candle-sticks. (ladrooned. No 
marks. 

Two-handled pewter porringer and cover, with 
stand. Three ball antl claw feet on each. Standing 
figure of Justice bearing sword and scales. I), in 
circle beneath. Engraved I. W. 

Pewter snuffer tray, with four feet and handle. 

Length, 7 itM hcs 

Two pewter nioulds. 

Small pewter teapot. Marked crown rose. A.V.S. 

At Tcwierers' Hall, l.ondt^n, are the five touch plates remain- 
ing in the pcjsscssion of the Master, Wardens, and Court of the 
Worshipful (Company of Pewterers. These plates are of copper, 
and about eighteen inches in length by twelve in breadth, on 
whi( h over 11,000 makers' marks have been struck, and must 
necessarily form the foundation of any work dealing with 
|)ewlerers' marks. The company also pcjssesses the list of the 
Livery comj)iled in 1740 from earlier records, and which has 
been continued and entered up from lime to time until towards 
the end of the 19th century. This list shows the date f»n which 
each member joined the Livery — the years when he served the 
offices o{ Steward, Renter Warden, Upper Warden, and .Master, 
or paid the fines for not serving such offices. 

25. Gate-legged table. 

Joined or wainscott tables rcprexiii ttie luiicsi styu- ot table 
found in tnis country. They were superseded by the "large," 
"round," or "oval" tables, with leaves at ends and sides, sup- 
j)orted by one or more legs, which swung out from the mam 
frame, familiar designation for which is "thousand-legged 
table." Nearly all these tables had a drawer on siile runners. 

The dining table used by the Van Cortlandt family at the 
Man(^r House, Croton-on-Huds<m. N'» \v N''»rk, since early in the 
i7ih century is of this style. 

26. Blue and white Delft-bowl. Karly i8th century. 
Potteries were established at l>eltt, Holland, at a very early 

date; fine ware, it is said, was produced in 1480, but nothing 
certain is known before 1614, when a patent was grantctl to 
Claes Janssen Wytman for making porcelain. 

27. Lowestoft bowl, with armorial decoration. 

»7 



28. Norwegian wooden drinking mug. Lion thumb 
piece. Height, 9^ inches. 

This mug is said to have belonged to Sir Henry Morgan, the 
great buccaneer, who was born in Wales, 1637, died in Jamaica, 
1690. At one time he commanded a fleet of thirty-seven sail, 
the largest that any buccaneer had ever commanded in these 
waters. 

29. Wedding chest. E. E. in middle panel, drawer be- 
neath with original wrought iron handles; top not original, as 
these chests usually have quarter round moulding cut from edge 
of top. Known to collectors as the Hadley chest, many having 
been found in the neighborhood of Hadley, Mass. They date 
probably from 1690-1720, and are characterized by pine tops, 
the back and bottom of the chests, as well as the drawer frames 
also, of pine, with ends panelled — not carved. The centre panel 
almost invariably has initials. One, two and three drawers are 
found in Hadley chests. Height, 38 inches; width, 42 inches. 

30. Dutch oak cabinet. Closed shelf beneath. Top 
moulding cut in a characteristic Dutch design. About 1700. 

Contents of much interest, owing to their antiquity. 

FIRST SHELF 

Two Delft plates. Blue and white. Brass snuffers 
in standard on three feet. Height 7^^ inches to top of 
ornamental cock. 

SECOND SHELF 

Two Chinese and one Delft saucer. Three brass 
braziers, wooden handles; two with reticulated edges, 
one pierced. 

THIRD SHELF 

Two Chinese blue and white tea caddies. 

Four Dutch Delft polychrome fruit. 

Two Delft plates. Oriental design. 

Two Dutch Biblical tiles. 

Delft flower pot. Decoration, "Long Eliza." Tall, 
graceful forms of women, named by the Dutch, "Lange 
Lijsen." 

Two Dutch polychrome horses. 

31. Linen folder. Probably Scandinavian. Elaborately 
carved. Geometrical design. 

32. Fire stand, shovel and tongs of steel, with brass tops. 

33. Wire and brass tender. Brass steeple andirons, rights 
and lefts. Originally belonged to the Chester homestead. 

34. Pair of wooden bellows. 

35. Norwegian hand-mangles are long, flat boards, often 
very elaborately carved and painted, with a raised handle at one 
end for the right hand — the handles usually take the form of a 

18 




KlliH OAK CAUI.NKT \M» "HAPIF.Y <IIKST 



horse, lion, or scroll; in Norway the horse style of handle pre- 
dominates — the carving is generally of a geometrical scroll or 
floral design. In some cases there is a second handle or knob 
for the use (A the left hand; if this is not present, there is gen- 
erally a plain panel for the fingers of the left hand to press on, in 
order to give weight to the mangle when passing over the roller, 
and on this cartouche the date and initials are painted. 

The oldest si)ecimens found in museums in England, Sweden, 
Norway and Denmark dates 1630. 

The Dutch hand-mangles are flat without a projecting handle 
— the rollers about 18 inches long, by 2 inches in diameter. 

Richard (^uick tells us in the Antit/uary that " mangles were 
formerly considered one of the essential domestic objects for all 
young housewives, and one was often given the bride by the 
bridegroom, who either carved her name or initial on it, or had 
it so done before presenting it." These mangles are nearly all 
made of ordinary Scotch fir 

36-37. Pair of blue and white Delft plates. Oriental de- 
sign. Diameter, 14 inches. 

38. Delft garniture of five pieces, hme auo wiutc. 

The Wu Siie or Chinese set of five vases differs in form and 
arrangement from the mantel set largely imported by the Dutch 
East India merchants in the 17th and iSih centuries; the latter 
included three covereil jars, with two beakers between, usually 
in blue and white, or with enamelled panels on a lustrous brown 
tzu-chin ground, a style of decoration known in Europe as 
•' Haiavian," 

The Dutch settlement in Java was founded in 1601. 

The Wu Kung, or five sacrificial vessels, somclime> t.und 
on the domestic altar in Chinese houses, consists of an incense 
urn, two pricket candle-Sticks and two side vases, the last chang- 
ing with the seasons. 

39. Pair of old Shcflicld candle-sticks. Two coats-of- 

arms on lacli. (ilass shades. 

40. Hall clock. Marked Walter Archer, 1619. Case is 
made of i^ne, or some other soft wood; band of carving at lop 
is early in ilesign. Single arch moulding about doors, spanilrels 
of third order cupids holding a crown, which came into fashion 
about 1700. The maker's name, Walter Archer, appears between 
the numerals VII and V, which shows it to date probably 
before i 715. 

Though dateil 161 9. the engraving is of a different depth 
from the rest of llie face, antl was without doubt added at a 
recent elate. 

Description and illustration in I.. V. Lockwood's "Colonial 
Furniture in .Xnierica." 

41. Carved oak napkin press. 

42. Mahogany wine chest. Made to hold twelve bottles. 
Inlaid, ball tcet ami original brass handles. 

43. Corner cupboard. Early i8th century. 

»9 



First Shelf 

One sextagonal and one octagonal case bottles. 

Cut design. Owned by David Prevost, mayor of New 
York 1699. 

Cut glass wine decanter, with original mushroom 
stopper. 

Soup tureen, gravy boat and tray of Stafforshire 
printed ware. 

Pink lustre plate. 

Dutch polychrome platter. Printed plate, marked 
J. Furnewald & Co. 

Two Worcester plates. Oriental Lowestoft 
platter, blue and gold design, basket of flowers in center. 
Cup and saucer, European porcelain, marked R. B. 
Pottox. 

Lustre pitcher. Raised hunting decoration. 

Second Shelf 

Brass teapot, with wooden finial, on pierced stand 
of four feet and two handles. Height, 105^ inches. 

Crooked neck gin bottle and cut glass wine 
glasses. 

Oriental Lowestoft pierced fruit dish. 

Third Shelf 

Stoneware pitcher and mug. Silver rim, five 
marks I. J. S. 2, woman's head. 3, woman with distaff. 
4, coat-of-arms. 5, E; all in cartouche marked Sexton. 

Small plate. Early Staffordshire, raised and col- 
ored decorations, figures in center, raised flower border. 

Worcester shallow dish. Printed, blue and white, 
landscape design. 

Copper teapot. Reticulated gallery edge brass 
finial, pierced brass stand with three wooden feet. Old 
and rare. 

Copper lustre pitcher. Cameo decoration, pink 
lustre rim and handle. 

Fourth Shelf 

Large pitcher. Staffordshire. Center decoration. 
Head of Washington surrounded by fifteen stars with 
names of fifteen States. Opposite "The Aurora" of 
Philadelphia. 

In colonial days the sea captains ordered these large 
pitchers for their own table use directly from the pot- 
ters. Height, 12 inches. 



Fifth Shelf 
Large brown stoneware pitcher. 

Large Staffordshire pitcher. Dark lihie border, 
orange skin surface. Acanthus leaf handle. Height, 
12 inches. 

44. Heppelwhite inlaid side board. Original brass shell 
handles, (our drawers above, three cupboards, middle one 
dcjuble. Heppelwhite side boards will always be known by the 
convexity of their front toward the sides. 

Inlaid Heppelwhite knife-box. Complete Mlver 
escutcheon, shield shape. 

Mahogany double tea-box. Inlaid silver handle, 
iv(jry escutcheon. Conij)l(.te. 

Satinwood double tea-box. Inlaid silver handle. 

Chippendale mahogany knife-box. Silver mounts. 
Hall marked. .Maker, j. W 

Pair of single tea-boxes. Walnut shell design on 
green inlay. On cover, flower design. 

45. Walnut chair. Dating about 1770. 

46. Chair. I. ale Chippendale design. 

47. Chippendale chair. (irooved legs in u<-iit, unticr- 
bracetl. Desi^ni of hack very popular throughout i8th century. 

48. Mezzotint portrait on glass. The Right Honble. 
William IMlt, I^sijr., one of His .Majesty's principal Secretary's of 
State, and one of His Majesty's Most Honble. Frivy Council. 

Painted by \Vm. Hoare. Kngrave<l by K. Fisher. Sold by 
J. Hoydell, cn^^raver in Cheapside, 1760. 

49. Mcz/oiint portrait on Glass, (leneral Robert Monck- 
ton, 1726 17H2. Ciovernor ot New York. 1761, 

50. A view of Fort George, with the city of New NOrk 
from the S. W. 

Printeil for Carrin^^ton Howies. Map and Frintseiler at No. 
69 in St. Paul's church yard, I.onilon. Sculp. I. Carwithan. 

51. Colored print of fruit. November, 1732. From the 

collectu)u of Roi)t. Furber Ciardiner, Kensin^'lon, 1732. 

Designed by Peter Casteels. Engraved by Samuel Smith. 

52. A south east view of the city of New York in North 
America. 

Drawn on the spot by Thomas Howdell, of the royal artillery. 
Engraved by P. Canot. London. Printed by John Howies, at 
No. 19 in Cornhill; Robert Sayer at No. 53 in Fleet Street; 
Thos. Jeffreys, the corner of St. Martin's Lane in the Strand; 
Carrington Bowles at No. 69 in St. Paul's church yard, and 
Henry Parker at No. 82 in Cornhill. 

21 



New College. 
Old English Church. 
City Hall. 
French Church. 
North River. 
Staten Island. 
The Prison. 



53. A south-west View of the City of New York in 
North America. 

Drawn on the spot by Captain Thomas Howdell, of the Royal 
Artillery. Engraved by P. Canot. 

The Harbour. 



I. 
2. 
3- 
4. 
5. 
6. 

7. 



Nutting Island. 
Staten Island. 
Long Island. 
Rutgers House. 
South River. 
Brew House. 



Mantel. Late Sheraton style, similar to those found in 
New Jersey and New York. Carved rosettes in center, and over 
columns. 



22 



Colonial iHapG 

SOUTH-WEST ROOM 

With marine science so undeveloped on account of the 
crude instruments used in navigation and the 
difficulty of precise surveys and observations 
of latitude and longitude, accurate map- 
making was well-nigh impossible. 

1. Map of Nieuw Amsterdam, otherwise named Nieuw 
Jorck. iiy Kcinicr ami Joshua ( )tlcns. *' IhisOltens iiiaj) was 
prcjbably published about the middle of the eighteenth century." 

2. A Plan of the City of New York and its environs to 
(ireenwich on the North or HuiUon's River and to Crown Point 
on the ICast or Sound River, showing the several Streets, Publick 
Buildings, Docks, Fort and IJattery with the true Form and 
Ccnirsc of the ( "(imrnanding Grounds with and without the town, 
Surveyed in the winter of 1775. 

To the Hon. Thos. Gage, Esqr., Major General and 
Commander in (*hief of His Majesty's Forces in North America 
and Colonel of the 22nd Regiment of Foot. This plan is Most 
humbly Inscribed by his obedient servant, John Montrcsor, 
Kngiiurr. 

3. Map of Nicolas Joannis Visschcr, entitled *' Novi 
Bclgii iiovacijuc .Angbae nee nou Partis Virginiac Tabula multis 
in locis einendata a Nicolas Joannis Visscher. " The picture 
contained in this map is believed by some, though not estab- 
lished with certainty, to be taken from a sketch or drawing made 
by Augustine Hermans in the year 1656. An account of Her- 
mans is given in Joseph Dancker's and Peter Sluyler's Journal 
of a Voyage to New York and a I'our in several of the American 
(Colonies in 1679-80. 

4. Map. Danckers. i'- Entitled "Novi Belgii, 
Novacijuc .\nghae nee nou i'cnnsylvaniae ct Partis Virginiae 
tabula, multis in locis emendato." 

Inset — View of Nieuw Amsterdam. 

5. A Topographical Map of the North Part of New 
York Island, ixhibiling the Plan of Fort Washington, now Fort 
Knypliauscn, with the Rebels lines to the southward, which were 
forced by the Troops under the Command of the Rt. Honble. 
Earl Percy on the 16th Nov., 1776, antl surveyed immediately 
after by order of his lonlship. By Claude Joseph Sauthier. 
To which is added the Attack made to the North by the 
Hessians. Surveyed by the order of Lieut. Genl. Knyphausen. 

Published by permission of the Rt. Honble. Commissioners 
of Trade and Plantations, by \\'ni. Fadcn, 1777. 

6. Map of a part of America. Published towards the 
end of the seventeenth century. 1673. Hugo Allard, e.\cut. 

Hugo Allard was a Dutch portrait engraver, his principal 
portrait being that of Adrian Pau. There is a landscape by him 

23 



dated 1696. It is the opinion of Asher that the original engrav- 
ing for the view on Hugo Allard's map was made by the 
celebrated artist, Romeyn de Hooge, who was born at the 
Hague in 1646. 

7. Map of the Original Grants of village lots from the 
Dutch West India Company to the inhabitants of New Amster- 
dam (now New York) lying below the present line of Wall Street. 
Grants commencing A.D. 1642. 

8. Origin of Steam Navigation. ''Honor to Whom 
Honor is Due." A View of Collect Pond and its vicinity in the 
City of New York, 1793. 

9. Map. Danckers. Entitled ''Novi Belgii, Novaeque 
Angliae nee nou Pennsylvaniae et Partis Virginiae tabula." 

10. L'Amerique Septentrionale et Meridionale divis^e 
en ses principales parties, ou sont distingues les vus des autres 
les Estats suivant qu 'ils appartiennent presentement aux Francois, 
Castillans, Portugais, Anglois, Suedois, Danois, HoUandois, etc. 

Dresse sur les Memoires les plus Nouveaux par G. Valck. 
Gerard Valck, a celebrated portrait painter, 1626-1720. 
Father-in-law and business partner of Peter Schenck. 

11. Map and a Southwest View of the City of 
New York. Taken from the Governour's Island at* 

Plan of the City of New York in North America Surveyed in 
the Years 1766 and 1767, by B. Ratzer^ Lieut, in His Majestie's 
Sixtieth or Royal American Regiment. It is dedicated to His 
Excellency Sir Henry Moore, Bart., Capt. Genl. and Govr. in 
Chief in and over His Majestie's Provinces in New York. 

London: Published according to Act of Parliament, January 
12, 1776, by Jefferys & Faden, corner of St. Martin's Lane, 
Charing Cross. 

The star refers to one upon the plan to which the view is 
appended which marks the exact spot from which the picture 
was taken. 

12. Gun which belonged to Lewis Morris, father of Lewis 
Morris the Signer. 

13. Cane which belonged to Lewis Morris, father of Lewis 
Morris the Signer. 

14-15. Portrait of Governor Clinton, in chalk by St. 
Memin. Portrait of Mrs. Clinton, wife of Gov. Clinton, in 
chalk by St. Memin. 



24 



!3l %rif G of f>rtp DoiU "Vf^irtos 

Showing the Development of the City in Colonial Times. 



x6. Novum Amsterodamum. 1671. From " Beschryving 
van America," l>y AriujMus M(jiitaiuis. 

It is curious to note the fact that the wiiitl-mill, flag-stafif, 
church, gall(jws-tree and swinginj^ gibbet are prominent features 
of the landscape. The Church of St. Nicholas, with its long, 
sloping roof of slate, can be distinctly seen above the walls of 
the Fort. This Fort was staked out about 1625 by Master 
Kryn Frederycke, an engineer. It was called Fort Amsccl or 
Amsterdam until 1664, afterwards Fort James and finally Fort 
Oeorge. It was "capable to lodge three hundred souldicrs and 
officers." The first fort was probably stockadoes, with block 
houses, but it was a good stone fort when taken by tlie English 
in 1664. It was the princij)al landmark of our city for one 
hundred and fifty years. A tablet at No. 4 Bowling Green 
marks its site. 

17. Nicu Amsterdam at New York, i58o? i5v C'arolus 
Allard. 

A large two-masted, sc^uare rigged vessel occupies the right 
hand foreground. A smaller vessel is anchored nearer shore. 

Carolus Allaril was a copper-plate engraver at Amsterdam, 
also a printseller and publisher. He flourished toward the close 
of the seventeenth and in the beginning of the eighteenth 
century. 

x8. Nicu Amsterdam at New Yorck, 1690? .\ view of 
the city and in ilie foie^^round two h^^ures, male and female, 
which occupy about one-half the picture. 

Carolus Allard. exc. cum I'rivil. ord. Holl. et. 

19. Nieu Amsterdam, after I'eiei .>iikiick. New AiwNter- 
dam, a small city on Manhattan Island, New Holland, North 
Americ a, now called New York and is a part of the English colo- 
nies about 1667." 

Two high-pooped, long-beaked Dutch Trading vessels in the 
Harbour well to the foreground. Tlie Church of St. Nicholas 
ami numerous wooden houses in plain view, with the inevitable 
wimlmill off to the left. 

Peter Schenck was a German engraver, publisher and art 
collector — died 17 15. 

20. Southwest view of Fort George with the City of 
New York. One of tlie nu»>t i>iclures(iue views of the city 
which exhibits the Fort. 

Published in William Russell's History of the \\'ar m America, 
1788. 

25 



PICTURES AND BROADSIDE OF THE FOUR 
INDIAN KINGS 

21. Keyser Vande Ses Natien, by Pet. Schenck. One 
of the four Indian Kings who on ye 2 May, 1710, were admitted 
by her Majesty ye Queen of Great Britany, frayming assistance 
against ye French in America between New England and 
Canada, etc. 

2ia. Coning Vande Maquas, alias Coning Brant, by 
Pet. Schenck. 

2ib. Coning Vande Rivier Volkeren, by Pet. Schenck. 

21C. On Nee Yeath Foss no Riow, King of Granajah 
Hore, vulgr. King John. 

Sold by J. Faber. London: Engraved and ex., 1720. 

22-23. Two Wooden Vultures, taken from a Spanish 
privateer in the Revolutionary war. 

xfirst Cuplioarti 

Lowestoft 

This ware was made in China. It is a hard vitreous porce- 
lain of a blue white color. The shapes are taken from English 
earthen ware sent to China to be copied. The raw material, 
kaolin and petunse, is found in large quantities in China. There 
is none in England. 

Lowestoft is a seaport town on the eastern coast of England. 
Here, in the eighteenth century, ships from the Orient brought 
their cargoes of Chinese wares, thence they were distributed all 
over England and America, so people called their dinner services 
and tea-sets ''Lowestoft," not knowing or caring where they 
were made. At Lowestoft, during this period, there was a 
pottery at which was made a small quantity of "soft paste" 
wares, similar to others of English manufacture. In 1902, 
however, a discovery of pottery moulds and a large quantity of 
bits of porcelain was made on the site of the original pottery and 
from these moulds and fragments, the real character of the 
Lowestoft paste, decorations and shapes became known. 

No Oriental bits or shapes were found. 

FIRST AND THIRD SHELVES 

Oriental Ware called *' Lowestoft " 

SECOND SHELF 

This Tea Set of Lowestoft China was given as a wedding gift 
to General and Mrs. Hezekiah Barnes in 1780. He was General 
in the Colonial Army, twenty-one years old at the time and she 
was sixteen. pOURTH SHELF 

Chinese Porcelain. Part of a dinner set marked with 
monogram, belonging to Governor De Witt Clinton; presented to 
him while mayor, by the citizens of New York. 

26 



^fconti Cupboarti 

FIRST SHELF 

1. Tea pot, English copper lustre decorated. 

2. Tea pot, printed design. Staffordshire. 

3. Tea pot, s|)rig pattern. Staffordshire. 

4. Gravy boat, printed Washington's head, semi-porcelain, 
made at Crcil in Oiiie, France. Established by English potters 

in 1775. 

5. Tea pot, English silver lustre. 

SECOND SHELF 

6. Plate, Leeds reticulated border. 

7. Plate, \S edgwood medallion transfer. 

8. Plate, Leeds reticulated border. 

9. Coffee pot, Stafforilshire sprig pattern. 

10. Tea pot, Whieldon. 

1 1 . Cup, W hieldon. 

12. Tea pot, Whieldon. Cauliflower pattern. 

13. Coffee pot, H'.ffrh-'. (r'-rnr'.?^ M..t»»r 1706-10. 
Lacquered and gilt. 

14. Tea pot, Whieldon reticulated border. 

15. Tea caddy, Whieldon tortoise shell. 

16. Tea pot, Whieldon. 

THIRD SHELF 

17. Plate, Spode. 

18 Plate, decorated Leeds. 

19. Blue plate, Davenport. 

20. Medallion. Larly Whieldon. Adam design. 

21. Plate, raised decorated Leeds. 

22. Plate, Spode. 

23. Pitcher, Leeds. 

24. Gravy boat, Leeils. 

25. Mug, decorated Staffordshire. 

26. Tea pot, Staffordshire. 

27. Tea caddy, Whieldon. Marked on the bottom ** Eliza- 
beth Pers.sons," 1772. 

28. Two figures, Staffordshire. 

29. Gravy boat, salt glaze. 

a? 



30. Mug (enameled), salt glaze. 

31. 

32. 

33. Mug, Whieldon. 

35. Mug, white, Leeds. 

FOURTH SHELF 

32. Tea cup, English soft paste, Lowestoft. 

33. Pitcher, English soft paste, Lowestoft. 

34. Mustard pot, Wedgwood. 

35. Egg cup, Wedgwood. 

36. Dish and Salad set, Leeds. 

37. Blue Cup and Saucer. Late Spode. 

38. Pink and Gold Cup and Saucer. Late Spode. 

39. Mug, Chinese. 

40. Shell, Leeds. 

41. Plate, Leeds reticulated. 

42. Platter, Leeds. 

43. Whieldon, by Voyez Modler. 
44. 

45. Whieldon. 

46. Whieldon. Tortoise shell. 

(In Case III) 
Medallion Portraits of Illustrious Personages 

Josiah Wedgwood was born in Staffordshire, England, in 
1730; died 1795. 

His father, a potter, died in 1739, and Josiah in his ninth 
year had to leave school and go to work in the pottery. 

Wedgwood always paid great attention to improving the 
clays and finally invented his celebrated Jasperware. This ware 
is of an extremely delicate texture, its ingredients; sulphate of 
baryta, carbonate of baryta, clay and flint. 

Possessed of a profound understanding of character, a 
remarkable faculty for criticism of his models and untiring in 
securing perfection of detail, Wedgwood's faithful likenesses are 
endowed with a subtle and inimitable charm. 

Notwithstanding his intense sympathy with America during 
the struggle for constitutional liberty, Wedgwood was high in 
favor with King George and had the appointment of "Potter to 

28 



the Queen." It is of interest that he at one time endeavored to 
import clay from South Carolina for use in his pottery. Wedg- 
wood early recognized that the preliminary skirmishes of the 
battle in defence of the British Constitution were taking place in 
America, as the following letter, written to Bentley in 1767, 
goes to prove: 

" Mr. Crenville and his party seem determin'd to Conquer 
En):;hind in America I believe. If the Americans do not comply 
with their demands respecting the (juartering of soldiers, the 
Alternative, I am told, is to be The Suspensi«m of the Legislative 
j)ower in America. I tell them the .\mericans will then make 
Laws for themselves & if we continue our Policy — for us too in 
a very short time. But I have very little time at present to 
bestow upon Politicks; if we must all be driven to America, you 
and I shall do very well amongst the Cherokces." 

.Much of his success was due to the active assistance and 
strong sympathy with his ideals displayed by his wife. He 
wrote of her: "Sally is my chief helpmate in this as well as other 
things." She kei)t his secret formulas, and often mixed the 
clays for the Jasperware and doled them out to the proper 
wcirkmen. His great love for classic hisl(»ry and desire to 
imitate the cameos of Circcce and Rome resulted in their spend- 
ing long evenings studying and reading the classics alouti. 
After making use of the potter's clay to perpetuate the portraits 
of hundreds of f)ersonagcs, many of them men active in public 
life at the time of the American Revolution, and having amassed 
a considerable fortune, Wedgwood retired from business at the 
age of sixty-two, three years before his death. 



1. Prince Adolphus Frederick. Duke of Cambridge. 
Seventh son of (icoigc III. 177.; i-'^so. 

He was very pojjular; noted for his earnestness, sincerity 
and peace-loving (jualities. An indefatigable supporter of 
public charities, he was recognized as the link between the throne 
and the jx'oplc. 

2. Prince Edward Augustus. Duke of Kt ni and Slrath- 
ern. lourth son of George ill. 17O7-1S20. 

He married in 18 18 Victoria Mary Louisa, widow of the 
Prince of Leiningen. They hail one daughter, afterwards 
(Jueen \'ictoria. 'I'hough rather unpopular in the army, he was 
the first to abandon flogging and establish a regimental school. 

3. Prince Ernest Augustus. Duke of Cumberland. Fifth 
son of Ceorge 111. .\t'ier\\ anis King of Hanover. 1771-1851. 

Had a high military reputation, being conspicuous for 
personal bravery in the field. Of all the sons of (ieorge III, he 
was the one who hail the strongest will, the best intellect and 
greatest courage. Died at his palace of Herrenhai.sen, aped 
eighty, amidst the universal grief of his people. 

4. Prince William Henry. Duke of Clarence. Ihird 
son of Cieorge IIL At'teiwanls William IV. 1765-1837. 

a9 



Destined from childhood to serve in the navy, when he was 
but fourteen George III wrote of him: "He neither wants 
resolution nor cheerfulness, which seem necessary ingredients 
for those who enter into that noble profession." When he was 
sixteen years of age and serving as midshipman in the British 
Navy, he was for some time on the coast of the North American 
Colonies and he passed the winter of 1781 and 1782 in the City 
of New York. He took part in the relief of Gibraltar in 1780 
under Sir Charles Hardy. He became Lord High Admiral in 
1827 and King of England in 1830. 

5. Prince Frederick. Duke of York. Second son of 
George III. 1763-1827. 

He was the favorite son of his father. He made an unhappy 
marriage with a Prussian princess in 1791, from whom he soon 
separated. He founded the Duke of York's School for the sons 
of Soldiers, Chelsea, London. 

6. Prince of "Wales. Afterwards George IV. 1762-1830. 
It is said his word was worthless, his courage doubtful. 

Though clever and versatile, his character was such that not 
even his own partisans could respect or defend it. 

7. Charlotte Augusta Matilda. Princess Royal of Eng- 
land. Daughter of George III. 1766-1828. 

Princess Royal of Great Britain and Ireland, she became by 
marriage Queen of Wiirtemburg. Left a widow in 1816, she 
suffered from a serious malady for years until her death in 1828 
at Ludwigsburg. 

8. Queen Charlotte. Consort of George III. 1744-18 18. 
After a formal betrothal, she landed in England in 1761, and 

saw her future husband for the first time at St. James. She had 
no interest in nor influence over English politics; but during 
this long reign court life was perfectly decorous. 

9. George III. 1738-1820. 

George William Frederick succeded to the Throne of Eng- 
land in 1760. Although in 1783 he had virtually refused to re- 
ceive a Minister from the United States, he consented to receive 
John Adams in 1785. He behaved with dignity during the 
interview, though he showed that he was affected by it and 
assured the Minister that as he had been the last to consent to 
the separation, so he would be the first to meet the friendship 
of the United States as an independent power. 

10. George III of England. 1738-1820. 

11. George II. 1683-1760. 

George Augustus, King of Great Britain and Ireland, only 
son of George I and Sophia Dorothea. His favorite study was 
German genealogy. He was completely swayed by his wife in 
affairs of state. One of the notorious pasquinades of the day 
said: "We know 'tis Queen Caroline, not you that reigns." 

30 



13. George I. 1660-1727. 

Cieorge Lewis, King of Great Britain and Ireland and Elector 
of Hanover. 

Unlovable in himself and in his chosen surroundings, he is 
said, in some degree, to have justified the boast that it was "the 
maxim of his family to reward their friends, do justice to ^eir 
enemies and fear none but God." 

13. Sarah Wedgwood. Wife of Josiah Wedgwood. 1734- 
18.5. 

Daughter of Richard Wedgwood of Cheshire. Mrs. Wedg- 
wood and her husband were cousins in the third degree. They 
were married in 1764 and had seven children. 

14. Josiah Wedgwood. 1730-1795. 

15. Josiah \A^cdgwood. 1730-1795. 

16. Josiah Wedgwood. 1730-1795- 

17. Josiah Wedgwood. 1730-1795. 

18. Thomas Bentley. 1730-1780, 

Of Trinity College, Cambridge. Friend and partner of 
Josiah Wedgwood (in white and in basalt). 

ig. Reverend William Willct. 1699-1778. 

A Unitarian clergyman wh(i married Wedgwood's favorite 
sister. Wedgwood said of this portrait, "A stronger likeness 
can scarcely i)e conceived. You may keep it as the Shadow of 
a good Man who is marching wh »i<««rv '^iy.<],'< t.,H"<'- 'hf 
Land of Forgetfulncss." 

20. David Garrick. 1716-1779. 

A famous l-.nglish ai tor. First appearance in Drury I.anc in 
1742. Possessed in a preeminent degree the art of imitating the 
physiognomy of others and the expression of various emotions. 
Among his intimate friends were Lord Chatham, Lonl Lyitleton 
and Dr. Johnson. lUiried beside Shakespeare 'n W'-'-'-v'-^vt^.j- 
Abbey. 

21. Charles Cornwallis. Earl and Marquis. Commonly 
kn<nvn as Lord Cornwallis. 1738-1805. 

Joined the Isnglish army in 1776 as .\Lijor-(ieneral, and took 
part in the battles of Brandy wine and (lermantown He finally 
surrenilered with about eight thousand men to Washington at 
Yorktown in 1781. Generally admitted to have been by far the 
ablest British (ieneral who look part in the war of the .\merican 
Revolution. He was successively Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 
and Governor-General of India, where he died at Cihazaporc in 
1805. 

22. Sir Joshua Reynolds. 17^3-1792. 

The most celebrated portrait painter Kngland has produced. 
He was the son of a clergyman, the Rev. Samuel Reynolds. 
He was never married. Made President of the Royal Academy 
in 1768 and knighted on that occasion. In 1760 his price was 
one hundred guineas for a whole-length portrait. 

With Dr. Johnson he founded The Literary Club, comjiosed 
of twelve members, among whom were Burke and Cioldsmith. 

31 



23. Sir William Herschel. 1738-1822. 

One of the greatest astronomers that any age or nation ever 
produced. 

24. Sir Geoffrey Amherst. 17 17-1797. 

An English General usually called Lord Amherst. He took 
part in the capture of Ticonderoga from the French in 1759, 
also in the conquest of Canada in 1760. In 1763 he was appointed 
Governor of Virginia. (By James Tassie.) 

25. Edmund Burke. 1730-1797. 

Orator, statesman and philanthropist. Born in Dublin. 
Married in 1757 Mary Jane Nugent, daughter of a physician 
of Bath. He was accustomed to say that "every care vanished 
the moment he entered under his own roof." Impeached Warren 
Hastings in Parliament, 1788. 

His style, embodying rare majesty of thought and expression, 
is said to be more grandly beautiful than that attained by any other 
Englishman with tongue or pen. Grief occasioned by the death 
of his only son, Richard, materially shortened his life. He died 
at the age of sixty-seven. (By James Tassie.) 

26. Benjamin Franklin. 1 706-1 790. 

Eminent American philosopher and statesman. Born in Bos- 
ton, Mass. As a philosopher he was remarkable for simplicity 
of character and practical common sense. He deemed nothing 
unworthy of attention which concerned the interest or happiness 
of mankind. His great merit in action consisted in the clearness 
with which he saw his object and his bold and steady pursuit of 
it by the surest and shortest road. In 1730 he married Deborah 
Read, of Philadelphia. In introducing a motion for daily prayers 
at the Convention of 1787, he said: "The longer I live the 
more convincing proofs I see that God governs the affairs of 
men." He died in Philadelphia at the age of eighty-four. (By 
James Tassie.) 

27. Lord Mansfield. Born at Perth, Scotland, 1704; died 

1793- . 

William Murray, Earl of Mansfield. Lord Chief Justice, cele- 
brated lawyer and orator. He presided with honor over the 
Court of King's Bench for more than thirty years. He possessed 
all the essential qualities that go to form a great judge. 

(This is not by Wedgwood, but by James Tassie, and made 
of a glass composition.) 

28. Earl of Chatham. 1708-1778. (In Battersea enamel.) 
William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. English statesman and orator. 

His play of countenance was wonderful, said to be able to dis- 
concert a hostile orator by a single glance of indignation or 
scorn. In 1775 he made a brilliant speech on the American War. 
Alluding to the Boston Port Bill, he said: "You must repeal these 
acts and you will repeal them. I pledge myself for it that you 
will repeal them. I stake my reputation on it. I will consent 
to be taken for an idiot if they are not finally repealed." By 
many considered the most successful orator and brilliant states- 

32 



man Kngland ever produced. He married Hester, daughter of 
George Cirenville, in 1754. 

('I'his is also not by Wedgwood.) 

29. Reverend John Wesley. 1703-1791. 

Celebrated religious reformer. Founder of the Society of 
Methodists. Distinguished at Oxford for his skill in logic. His 
mother, who was versed in Greek and Latin, influenced him in 
choosing religion as a career. At twenty-three he commenced 
recording his actions, thoughts and experiences in a diary, which 
he continued to the end of his life. In 1750 he made an unhappy 
marriage with a widow of independent fortune from whom he was 
finally separated in 1771. He possessed a marvelous influence 
for good. No hardships or dangers were too great for him to un- 
dertake in the cause of Christianity. He labored for the lowest 
classes of humanity and sought to abolish African slavery. He 
had a rare activity of spirit which was unimpaired by old age. 
(hy Turner.) 

30. Marquis de Lafayette. 1757 1834. 

Marie Jean Paul de Lafayette. French statesman and 
patriot, and friend of Wasliington. The Congress of the United 
States voted $200,000 in recompense for his services in the war 
of inde|)enden(:e. He said to Ltjuis Philippe: "You know that I 
am a Republican and that I regard the Constitution of the 
United States as the most perfect that ever existetl." He lived 
through various vicissitudes of fortune with a character free 
from reproach. 

31. Lord Eden. 1744-1814. 

William l.tlen, Karl of .\ucklaiul. One of the three commis- 
sioners sent to .America in 1778 to negotiate peace. 

32. Lord Nelson. 1758-1805. 

Horatio Nelson, Viscount and Vice- Admiral in the British 
Navy. Mortally woundeil in the battle of Trafalgar, 1805, after 
hoisting the ( elebraled signal, " Kngland expects that every 
man will do his duty." 

33. Lord Howe. 17^0 1799. 

Richard, l",arl antl .Admiral of the Flnglish Fleet. Brother of 
General Howe, with whom he was jointly commissioneil to treat 
with the revolted .\ineriians and to take measures for the resto- 
ration of peace with the Colonies. Proverbial for his courage 
antl his taciturnity. Described by Walpole as ** undaunted as a 
rock ami as silent.'" 

34. Joseph II. 1741-1790, 

King of the Romans. Emperor of Germany. Brother of Marie 
Antoinette; Civil and Kcclesiastical Reformer. 

35. Anne. 1665-1714. 

(Jueen of (ireat Britain and Ireland. 

In 1710 gave an audience at Court to five sachems from the 
Iroquois, who presenteil her with belts of wampum. They were 
escortetl to Kngland by Colonel Schuyler. 

5S 



CASE IV 

36. Dr. Joseph Priestley. 1733-1804. 

Joseph Priestley, LL. D. Theologian and man of science. 
Discoverer of oxygen. Made many discoveries in electricity. An 
earnest upholder of America, whither he came in 1794. Intimate 
with Darwin, Franklin and Wedgwood. Fearless, devout and 
frank. Toplady said of him: "A man whom I can hold up as a 
piece of crystal and look through him." 

37. Benjamin Franklin. 1 706-1 790. 
After a portrait by Caffieri. 

38. Benjamin Franklin. 1706-1790. 
After a portrait by Nini. 

39. Benjamin Franklin. 1 706-1 790. 
After a portrait by Flaxman. 

40. George Washington. 1732-1799. 

After an etching by Joseph Wright, son of Mrs. Patience 

Wright. 

" Washington, the brave, the wise, the good. * * * in 
disaster calm, in success moderate, in all himself. * * * Father 
of Nations, Friend of Mankind, who when he had won all, 
renounced all and sought in the bosom of his family and of 
nature retirement, and in the hope of religion — Immortality." 
— Tribute to the memory of George Washington written at his 
grave, Mt. Vernon, 1883, by Dr. Andrew Reed, an English 
philanthropist. 

41. Benjamin Franklin. 1706-1790. 

After a model in wax by Patience Wright, the American 
sculptress, the first American woman noted in art. 

42. George Washington. 1732-1799. (Basalt.) 

43. Francois Marie Arouet de Voltaire. 1694-1778. 
French critic and author. Said to have exercised a greater 

influence on the mind of Europe than any other man of his age. 
Said of himself: " One who does not carry a great name, but 
can do credit to the one he has." 

44. Jean Jacques Rousseau. 1712-1778. 
Swiss philosopher and writer. 

45. Captain Cook. 1728-1779. 

James Cook, circumnavigator. With two ships, the Resolution 
and the Adventure, he crossed the Antartic Circle for the first 
time in 1773. 

46. Captain Cook. 1728-1779. 

47. Jacob Cats. 1577-1660. 

Popular Dutch poet, also lawyer and statesman. Called by 
the people "Father Cats." Ambassador to England in 1627; 
Grand Pensionary of Holland in 1636. 

48. Egbert Cortenaar. Obit. 1665. 

Famous Dutch admiral, killed near Lestoff in 1665. 

34 




.-N 






NO. 54. PIETER HEYN ( OR HEIN ), 1570-1629. BRAVE DUTCH ADMIRAL 



49- John De Witt. 1625-1672. 

Kmineiit Oulch statesman ; Grand Pensionary of Holland. 
At one time tutor to the Prince of Orange. Foully murdered by 

an infuriated mob in 1672. 

50. Cornelius De Witt. 1623-1672. 

Dutch naval otticer and statesman. Falsely accused, he fell 
victim to the rage of the mob, and with his brother was mur- 
dered in the i)rison. 

51. John Van Olden Barneveldt. 1549-1619. 

Liberal l)ut( li siaicsman and ( irand Pensionary of Holland. 
Favoring universal toleration, after the convocation of the Dort 
Synod, 1618, which condrmne-d tin- Arminian';. I^imeveldt was 
arrested and beheaded. 

52. Martin H. Van Tromp. 1597-1653. 

Admiral of Holland. (.>ne of the ablest seamen of his time; 
said to have been victor in more than thirty battles 

53. Sir Cornelis Van Tromp. 1639-1691. 

I jcutenant .Admiral (icneral of the United Provinces. 
Knighted by the King of Denmark as a reward for services ren- 
dered him in his war with Sweden. 

54. Pietcr Heyn (or Hein). 1570-1629. 

Hrave Dutch admiral, son of a sailor. Killed in a battle in 

whi« h hr had defeatr*! the enemy. 

55. William Pcnn. 1644-1718. 

(^)uaker and founder of Pennsylvania. A stout champion of 
the right of independent thought and speech in an age of general 
intolerance. 

56. Sir Isaac Newton. 1642-1727. 

Natural philosopher, an estimate of whose genu., . 
sible. I*ope composetl the celebrated epitaph: 

•' Nature and Nature's laws lay hid m night: 

(iod said, * Let Newton be ' — and all was light." 

57. Sir Isaac Newton. 1O42 17^7. 

58. John Locke. 1632-1704. 

Philosopher and student of medicine, .\uthor of the Con- 
stitution of South Carolina. Called by John Fell **A Master of 
Taciturnity." The Latin epitaph over his tomb was written by 
hims ' f. 

59. Queen Elizabeth. 1533-1603. 

Klizabeth, (Jueen of Kngland and Ireland. **The Virgin 
Queen," who won a position in European politics which none 

could venture to disregard. 

60. William Anne Keppel. 1702-1754. 

Second Earl of Albemarle. Lieutenant-General, Governor 
of Virginia in 1737. He squaiulered a large fortune and was 
called by Walpole "The Spendthrift Earl." 

35 



6i. John Stuart. 1713-1792. 

Third Earl of Bute. Few Ministers have been more unpopular. 
He was intensely disliked by Americans. Was incessantly 
lampooned and caricatured. Passionately fond of botany, he 
formed a Botanic Garden at Luton Hoo, his estate in Bed- 
fordshire. 

62. Charles Lennox. 1 735-1806. 

Third Duke of Richmond and Lennox. Statesman. 

George III is reported to have said of him, there was no 
man in his dominions by whom he had been so much offended 
and no man to whom he was so much indebted. Remarkably 
handsome, when he married the beautiful daughter of the Earl 
of Elgin, they were called '' the prettiest couple in England." 

63. General Robert Monckton. 1726-1782. 
Governor of New York 1761. 

64. Lord North. 1732-1792. 

Frederick North, second Earl of Guilford. English states- 
man. Chancellor of the Exchequer. 

An orator of unfailing tact and great powers of debate. It 
was on Lord North's motion in 1769 that the Cabinet decided, 
by a majority of one, to retain Charles Townshend's American 
Tea Duty. This decision rendered war inevitable. 

65. Lord Camden. 17 14-1794. 

Charles Pratt. First Earl Camden. Statesman. Lord Chan- 
cellor. In his maiden speech in the House of Lords, he 
denounced the passing of the Stamp Act as a breach of the Con- 
stitution. 

66. George Washington. 1732-1799. 

After a medal designed by Voltaire. 

67. William Temple Franklin. 

Son of the last Royal Governor of New Jersey and grandson 
of Benjamin Franklin. 

68. Louis XVI. 1754-1793. 

King of France. Consort of Marie Antoinette. Submitted 
to his execution with tranquil fortitude. 'Twas said his virtues 
were better adapted to a private station than a throne. 

69. William Franklin. 1731-1813. 

Son of Benjamin Franklin. Appointed Governor of New 
Jersey 1762, of which he was the last "Royal Governor." Joined 
Sir William Johnson and several fur traders of Philadelphia in a 
plan for the colonization of the prairies of Illinois. 

70. Catherine II. 1729-1796. 

Empress of Russia. The history of princes affords few ex- 
amples of such talents and such force of character on a throne, 
perverted to the working of so much mischief. 

71. John Fothergill, M.D. 1712-1780. 

Franklin said of him: "I can hardly conceive that a better 
man ever existed." 



72. Ferdinand I. 1751-1825. 

King of the tw^ Sicilies. Younger son of Charles III of 
Spain. Was detested by liis subjects. Married Maria Carolina 
of Austria, a princess (jf j/reat ambition and cruelty. 

73. Marie Antoinette. 1755-1793- 

(^ueen of France. Hi«h spirited, of extraordinary personal 
charm; during terrible experiences she displayed firmness and 
dignity, (iuillotined 1793. 

74. Lord Granville. 1721-1803. 

(iraiuille Levison (iower, First Marquis of Stafford. Lord 
Privy Seal and a (iovernor of the Charter house. A man of 
much poIiti< al influence an<l great wealth. 

75. Earl of Chatham, 1708-1778. 

76. Earl of Hillsborough. 

Wills Hill I list .\1 ir(iui> of Downshirc. Second Viscount 
Hillsborough. Determined in his opposition to any concessions 

to .Ain«-rira. 

77. Charles James Fox. 1749-1806. 

lie bore ilu: rtputaliou of an honest statesman and a real 
philanlhroj)ist. One of the most accomplished debaters Englanii 
ever produced. 

78. Earl Percy. 1 74.i-i.'.i 7. 

Hugh I'crt V. Duke of Northumberland. Entered the army 
and served at i'.uiik»r Hill 1775, gaining the rank of General. 

79. Henry Dundas. 1740-1811. 

Lord .Melville. Scottish lawyer and statesman. 

80. Charles Jcnkinson. 1727-1808. 

1 irst Karl of Liv( I p.. 1 Statesman. Secretary of War under 
Lord North. 

8i. Adam Smith, ijjj 1790. 

('elebrated Scottish philosopher ant! political economist. .An 
advocate of free trade. Maintained that labor rather than 
money is the true source of national wealth. 

82. Sir Christopher Wren. 1632-1723. 

(ienerally re^ankd as ihe greatest of English architects. 
His masterpiece is St. Paul's Cathedral. 

83. Sir William Chambers. 1 726-1 796. 

.Architect. Native of Stockholm. Settled in England at an 
early age. Kinployed by (leorge III to lay out the Royal Ciar- 
dens at Kew. 

84. Oliver Cromwell. 1599-1658. 

"The Protector." Ihough constantly attacked, the char- 
acter of Cromwell is popular with the great body of his country- 
men. He notified the Colonial Governors in New F'.ngland that 
he woulil send a fleet to America and he called upon them to give 
their utmost assistance for gaining the Manhattan and other 
places under the jiower of the Dutch. In 1654 j)eace was signed 
i)y Cromwell and a defensive league made between the two 
Republics. 

37 



Colonial #o\)ernorsi, JHa^ors, ^luto- 
grap|)S atiU iletters 

CASE I 

1. Treaty between Governor Minuit and the Aborigines 

for the sale of Manhattan Island. 1626. 

To the first of the four Dutch Governors, Peter Minuit, who 
arrived in 1626, we owe the purchase of Manhattan Island, 
bought for the sum of twenty-four dollars paid for in cheap 
trinkets, implements of husbandry and weapons. 

2. The Judgment of Wouter Van Twiller. Governor of 
New York 1633-1638. 

Wouter Van Twiller, dull, wavering and ease-loving, lost the 
respect of all citizens and was recalled to Holland. He bought 
Nutten Island in the harbor for his prospective residence, which 
has been known ever since as "Governor's Island." 

3. Peter Stuyvesant. Governor of New York 1647-1664. 
Peter Stuyvesant, who followed William Kieft, third Governor, 

was wise and honest, though despotic. The convention of nine- 
teen delegates, ten Dutch and nine English, who met in New 
Amsterdam in 1653 to remonstrate against his tyrannous rule, 
was the first representative government in the State of New 
York. 

4. Sir Edmond Andros. Governor of New York 1674- 
1677; 1678-1681; 1688. 

Colonial Governor of Virginia in 1692. One of the Founders 
of William and Mary College, which, next to Harvard, is the 
oldest seat of learning in the United States. 

5. Thomas Dongan. Governor of New York 1683-1688. 
An Irish Roman Catholic. One of the most popular of the 

Royal Governors owing to his judicious policy and regard for the 
rights of the people. Obtained a charter from the King in 1686 
confirming to the City of New York all prior grants, liberties and 
franchises; also a charter for Albany, which was thereupon 
incorporated as a city. His residence was on Broadway, between 
Ann Street and Maiden Lane, City of New York. 

6. Richard Coote, Earl of Bellomont. Governor of 
New York 1698-1699; 1700-1701. 

By his action the pirate, William Kidd, was seized, convicted 
and executed. He sympathized strongly with the cause of the 
French Huguenots in this country, advising the legislature to 
make provision for their clergymen. 

7. Abraham De Peyster. Governor of New York 1701. 
Abraham De Peyster served as Mayor of New York for four 

years, 1691-1695. Was also Treasurer of the Provinces of New 
York and New Jersey and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. 
The house he built in 1700 in Pearl Street, opposite Cedar 

38 



Street. (Jity of New \ Urk, was afterwards the headquarters of 
Washington. 

8. William Smith. Chief Justice of New York 1701. 
Actinj; (iovernor for a short time. 

9. Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury. Afterwards 3d Earl 
of (.'larcndon. (iovernor of New York i 702-1 708. 

Nephew by marriage of James II. 

Dishonest and rapacious. Was removed owing to protests of 
the colonists. 

(^ne of his imbecile freaks was to attire himself like a woman, 
and thus disguised to patrol the fort in which he lived. 

10. John Lord Lovelace. Governor of New York 
1708-1709. 

When he sailed for his post was accompanied by fifty-two 
families, "poor Palatines," said to have been the first German 

emigrants to America 

11. William Burnett. Governor of New York 1 720-1 728. 
In 1727 he built a fort at Oswego, New York, at his own 

ex()ense, plantinj^ iIm- Fn/li^h n:iir for the fusr tinu- an the 
Lakes. 

12. Rip Van Dam. Governor of New Yi>rk »73i-i7ji. 

Petitioned the King for a repeal of the restrictions on com- 
merce. A member of the Prf)vincial Council for nearly thirty 
years. Had a violent controversy regarding his claim to office 
anil the salary thereto pertaining. Was preparing to support 
his claim with arms, when England ended the matt'*^ ' v appoint- 
ing another Lieutenant-Governor. 

13. George Clinton. Governor of New York 1743-1753; 

1777-1795 

His discretion in civil affairs and his military services were 
of great value to the State. He was v- --I't-w. .!,.., t ,.» th.. 
United States from 1805 until his death. 

14. Sir Charles Hardy. Governor of New \«»ik 1755- 

1757 

Aided .\ihniral Boscawcn in the siege and reduction of Louis- 
burg in 175H. 

15. Cadwalladcr Colden. Lieutenant-Governor of New 
York 1760-1761; 1761-1762; 1763-1765; 1769-1770; 1774-1775. 

A Scotch physician who emigrated to America. He was the 
first Surveyor-General of the (\)lony of New York and a member 
of the Provincial Council. Spent much time in the study of the 
sciences, especially botany, and publisheil a valuable History of 
the Five Indian Nations of Canada. 

16. The Honorable Robert Monckton. .Major-General. 
Governor of New York 1761; 1762-1763. 

In 1755 drove the French Army out of Nova Scotia. 
Wounded in Wolfe's expedition against Quebec, in which he was 
second in command. In 1761 was made Commander-in-Chief 
of the Province as well as Governor of New York. 

39 



17- The Earl of Dunmore. Governor of New York 
1770-1771. 

A needy Scottish Peer of the House of Murray. Passionate, 
narrow and unscrupulous in his rapacity. 

18. The Right Honorable John Campwell. Earl of Lou- 
doun. 

Commanded the British Forces in America, 1756. 

19, Officers of High Rank in the English Army. 

CASE II 

John Cruger. Portrait and autograph. Mayor of New York 
1757-1766. 

A Stamp. Stamp Act. 1765. 

The Stamp Duty imposed varied from two pence to six pounds. 

"It met with fierce opposition everywhere. The stamp 
agents were generally compelled by the ' Sons of Liberty ' to 
resign or destroy their stamps. Many pamphlets were written 
to oppose the Act, and a dignified Declaration of Rights and 
Grievances was issued, a formal Address to the King and Peti- 
tions to each House of Parliament. 

On November first, when it was to go into effect, bells were 
tolled, flags were placed at half-mast, and newspapers were put 
in mourning. 

On March eighteenth, 1766, after a long and bitter Debate, 
Parliament repealed the objectionable measure, having previously, 
however, passed a Declaratory Act asserting the right to bind 
the Colonies and people of America in all cases whatsoever. By 
the first of November, the date on which the Stamp Act was to 
go into effect, the violence of the Sons of Liberty had made the 
execution of the Act impossible even if stamps could have been 
had." 

Placards were posted on the doors of every public office and 
at the corners of streets, all of the same tenor: "Pro Patria. 
The first man that either distributes or makes use of Stampt 
Paper, let him take Care of his House, Person and Effects. 
Vox Populi. We dare." 

The Stamps reached New York later than the other Colonies. 
They arrived in the ship "Edward," on Tuesday, October 
twenty-third. There were ten packages. They had been stored 
in different parts of the ship, it was said, without the 
knowledge of the captain. It was advised to hire a sloop to 
unload the vessel until the packages containing the stamps 
were reached, but no sloop could be hired at any price, their 
masters declining the service. So the captains of the King's 
ships were then requested to remove the cargo. 

On the arrival of the "Edward" all the vessels in the 
Harbour of New York had lowered their colors to signify 
mourning, lamentation and woe. On October thirty-first the 
New York Gazette was printed with black head and foot lines, 
and contained a funeral lamentation on the Death of Liberty. 

40 



Annapolis Convention. Septeinl>cr iith, 17S6. Continued 
in Session three days. 

Hghert Benson, autograph. 

James Duane, autograph. 

Leonard Ciansevoort, autograph. 

Alexander Hamilton, portrait and autograph. 

Robert Livingston, portrait and autograph. 

Members of Albany Convention, 1754. 
J(j1iii (Jhamhers, ( hicf Justice, autograph. 
Joseph Murray, autograph. 
Wilhaiu Smith, portrait and autograph. 

Justice of the Supreme Court, Province of New York. 

MSS. Colonial Governors of New York. 

VS'iiliam liurnctl, 1720-177^;; portrait and autograph. 

(ieorge Clinton, 1743-1753; portrait and autograph. 

James I)e Lanccy, 1757-1760; autograph. 

Son of a French Huguenot. Chief Justice of the Supreme 
Court, later Lieutenant-Governor of the Colony. One of the 
founders of King's College, now (Columbia University. 

("adwailader (!(jklfn, i 760-1761-1763, 1769, 1774 ; autograph. 

Lord Dunmore, 1770-1771; autograph. 

William 'I'ryon, 1771-1774; autograph. 

Lieutenant-(lovern«)r of North Carolina in 1764. Transferred 
to New York in 1771 Was living in Ciovernmcnl House at 
Fort (ieorge, near New York City, when it was burned in 1773. 
The Governor and his wife barely escaped with their lives. He 
made a large (irant of Land to King's College, now Columbia 
University. Gave up a civil for a mditary life in 177R, and was 
maiic Major-General in America. 

Document. Janus II. Kini: uf F.nv^l.md. Portrait and 
autograph. 1685. 

Letter concerning return of stamps, dated 1766, signed 

John Hiettells to John Hughes, F.sc}. 

Bill of Shipment. I>ated .■\ugusl lotli, 1765. Signed 

Riihaiil r.iiililor. 

An Astronomical Diary or Almanack. With .Mrs. Mac- 
auU-y's Porir.iit. 

Letter to George Johnstone, Esq. Captain-General and 

Counuandcr-in-i hiel in and over his .Majesty's Province of 
West Florida, Chancellor and Vicc-Admiral of the same, hated 
1766. 

Letter dated Sept. 13th. 1765-66. Signed John Brcttells. 
Autograph letter of John Johnson. Mayor, 1714. 
Printed Indenture. >ij;ncd by 

James Hounam Philip Livingston 

Henry Dufouer Isaac Roosevelt 

Thomas Marston Richard Sharpe 

laviiuis C^larkson Theophylact Hache 

Dated July 20th, 1772. 

41 



Page from New York Almanac, 1773. (Pictorial.) 
Showing view of New York City. 

Memorandum. Signed Robert Lurting. 

Mayor of New York, 1726-1735. 

He began in an humble way with sloops and voyages on the 
Hudson and adjacent inland waters. He finally became a Colonel 
in the Militia. 

Whitehead Hicks. Portrait and autograph. 
Mayor of New York, 1766-1776. 

Memorandum. Autograph document, signed J. Van 
Cortlandt. 

Mayor of New York, 1710-1711. 



Cartoons 

Caricatures of Political Events Pertaining to America 

CASE I 

Plate I. The Bostonians Paying the Excise Man : or, 
Tarring and Feathering. 

London: Printed for Rob't Sayer and J. Bennett, Map and 
Printsellers, No. 53 Fleet Street, as the Act directs, 31 October, 
1774. 

Plate II. The Bostonians in Distress. 

London: Printed for R. Sayer and J. Bennett, Map and 
Printsellers, No. 53 Fleet Street, as the Act directs, 19 Novem- 
ber, 1774. 

Plate III. The Patriotic Barber of New York. 

London: Printed for R. Sayer and J. Bennett, Map and 
Printsellers, No. 53 Fleet Street, as the Act directs, 12 Feb- 
ruary, 1775. 

Plate IV. The Alternative of Williams-Burg. 

London: Printed for R. Sayer and J. Bennett, No. 53 Fleet 
Street, as the Act directs, 16 February, 1775. 

Plate V. A Society of Patriotic Ladies. 

Edenton in at North Carolina. 

Plate VI. A New Method of Macarony Making as 
Practised at Boston. 

For the Custom House officers landing the Tea, 
They Tarred him, and Feathered him, just as you see. 
And they drenched him so well, both behind and before, 
That he begged, for God's sake, they would drench him no 
more. 

42 



CASE II 

Goody Bull or the Second Part of the Repeal — 
The world turned upside down, — or 
I'he old woman taught wisdom. 

Wonderful Magazine. Portrait of M. Wright of New 
York, 1 he Remarkable Modeller in Wax, 
Published I'v r h.hn'^'.n. 

CASE III 

The Wheel of P^ortune or England in Tears. 

An .lUeiiii.l tu land a bishfjp in Anicru a 1768. 

Britons Glory or Admiral Triumphant. 

The Loaded Boot or Scotch Preferment in Motion or 
Monsieu will you vive. 

The Caledonian March and Embarkation, 

The Tomb Stone, 

Here lieth the body of William, Duke of Cumberland, 

lamented by his country which he twice saved. 
American stamps, extension of excise, etc., etc., etc. 
Printed for Mr, Smith, and sold •• 'h^ Woolpack in Long 
Acre, near Drury Lane, London, 1755 

Liberty Triumphant or the Downfall of Oppression. 

The State of the Nation. An. Dom. 1705. 

The Deplorable State of America or Sc h Govern- 
ment. 

British kcsintnu'nl (»i > ,c i . u. i. i.i.i.> v.^.j-i .,,. t ...wi.-.i/t i j^. 

L. Bontard mot ct Delin. Ptiblished according to Act of 
Parliament, 25 September, 1755. J. June, Sculp. 

CASE IV 

The Grand Monarcjue in a I'>i^;ht. or the British Lion 
rous'd from his Lethargy. 

France trembles at the British Lion's Roar 
And Lewis' treach'rous wiles deceive no more: 
Th' amusing Treaty he revives in vain, 
Whilst rising Torts extend th' insidious Chain. 

Perfidious l^rince, thy Fraudful double Face 
In distant climes shall publish thy Disgrace, 
From where the Orient spreads the purple Pawn 
To where the curtains of the west are drawn. 

In truth the hulians thy Defeat shall sound. 
And British Valour with Success be crown'd: 
In either Hemisphere these Notes shall ring, 
So fares the proud, the Treaty-breaking King, 

Published April fourth, 1755, according to Act of Parliament, 
and sold by the Printsellers of London antl Westminster. 
Price, 6d. 

43 



The Europeon State Jockies. 

Running a Heat for the Ballance of Power, with various 
designs adapted for the year 1740. Invented by the President of 
the Political Society and inscribed to the members thereof. 
Published according to Act of Parliament, 25 March, 1740. 

I. The European Race. 

Heat ist, Anno Dom. MDCCXXXVII. 

Humbly inscribed to ye Politicians of Great Britain, France, 
Spain, Russia, Turkey, Germany, Italy, Holland and Corsica by 
their most obedient servant, an Englishman. 

I returned and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the 
swift, nor the Battle to the strong, neither yet Bread to the wise, 
nor yet Riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men 
of skill, but time and chance appeneth to them all. 

Ecclesiastes, the 9th verse, the nth c. 

Published according to act of Parliament, Oct. 10, 1737. 

II. The European Race. 

Published according to act of Parliament, Sept. 4, 1738. 

III. The European Race. 

Heat 3rd, Anno Dom. MDCCXXXIX. 

Inscribed to the Greatest Politician in Europe. By his most 
obedient and humble servant, an Englishman. 

Behold the former things are come to pass and new things do 
I declare before they spring forth I tell you of them. 

Isaiah the 42, verse the 9. 



flails anti ^^tatrsi 

1. Old Dutch clock. From Breck in Waterland. Holland. 

2. Photograph of Saint Ethelburga the Virgin, within 
Bishopgate, London. 

"The existence of the Church of Saint Ethelburga, dedicated 
to the daughters of King Ethelbert, King of Kent (A. D. 552- 
6i6), XIV century. 

It was noted for its short services for city men, before pro- 
ceeding on their voyages and upon their return therefrom. 

To this quaint old-time place of worship Hudson and his 
crew, we are told, repaired to partake of the Sacrament before 
sailing under the direction of the " Muscovy" or Russian Com- 
pany (the first joint stock company, says John Fiske, formed by 
the English for the prosecution of maritime trade and coloniza- 
tion, incorporated February, 1533), to attempt a northwest 
passage to Asia. 

Hudson made two fruitless voyages in the years 1607 and 
1608, in prosecution of this quest ; but in making them he 
approached nearer to the Pole than any man before him and 
established his name and fame as a successful navigator and 
courageous explorer. 

44 



In 1609 he entered the service of the Dutch East India Com- 
pany, and on the fourth of April of that year set sail in the 
" Half Moon," on the Zuyder Zee. On the 3rd of September 
he dropped anchor somewhere, Fiske says, in his "Dutch and 
Quaker Colonies in America," between Sandy Hook and Staten 
Island. Mr. Fiske concludes his chapter on Henry Hudson, by 
according him the credit of starting two immense industries, the 
Spitzbergen whale fisheries and the Hudson Bay fur trade, as 
well as that of bringing the Dutch to Manhattan. W. L. A." 

3. Portrait of Robert Livingston. First Lord of the 
Manor, 1654-1723. Copy. 

4. An old oil painting, representing Peter Stuyvesant and 
his army. 

CASE I 

Collection of small articles of dress and ornament 
worn in the 17th and i8th centuries. 

CASE II 

Contains wearing apparel of the i8th century. A 
coat and waistcoat worn by Henry Cruger, M. P., while 
advocating the freedom of the Colonies in the Parliament 
of George III. 

Court dress of Henry Cruger, M. P., brought 
from Bristol, England, in the ship Harbinger, August 
31, 1786. 

Silk brocaded gown, worn by a colonial dame born 
in 1755- 

Part of a collection of colonial bandboxes. 

5 and 6. Two photographs of the Rhinelander sugar 
house, built in 1761. 

7. Dutch Kas, or painted cupboard, with quaint designs 
in fruit and flowers in shades of gray. A long drawer on side- 
runners and behind the doors are wide shelves. These Kasses 
are made to separate in three parts, the heavy cornice lifts off, 
and the frame and drawer are separate from the cupboard 
proper. 1656. 

Though the New York inventory records speak of "plain 
cupboards," "great cupboards," "Holland cupboards," "wal- 
nut, cedar and painted cupboards," search has not revealed a 
single oak piece or cupboard in any way resembling the Court 
and Livery cupboards of New England; the front feet only are 
ball shape, the rear ones straight and slender. Description and 
illustration in L. V. Lockwood's "Colonial Furniture in 
America." 

FIRE BUCKETS 

Two fire buckets. Marked, O. Wolcott, 2 and 3. 
Fire buckets were in general use at the opening of the 
XVIIIth century. They were passed in a line from hand to hand, 

45 



and when not thus in service were kept hanging in a place con- 
venient for the moment of need. 

Societies were formed for mutual assistance, each member 
usually possessing two buckets, marked with his name and that 
of his society, and agreeing to repair with them to all fires. 
Large bags, similarly marked, were often added for preservation 
of menaced articles of value. 



SOUTH-EAST BEDROOM 

1. Ornamental gilt and carved wood mirror. Adam. 
About 1780. 

2. *' Pembroke Table." Two drawers, curved stretches, 
with square center, two drop leaves. 

3. Hand warmer. Glazed pottery. Book design. 

4. Mahogany tilt -top, tripod stand. About 1790. 
Sheraton design. 

5. Turned chair — leather back and seat. Rare design. 
1700 — after cane period. 

6. Six-legged High-boy. Upper and lower parts of differ- 
ent periods. Upper section belongs to the early form of bandy- 
legged high-boys; the development of high-boys characteristic 
of America — though the term " high-boys " was never used in 
the records. " Chest of drawers and table." And in the New 
York inventories after the chest of drawers mention is made of a 
table of the same wood. " Chest of drawers on a frame " first 
met with in New York records in 1689. 

The introduction of these chests of drawers on high legs or 
frames marks the discontinuance of the use of oak, and the 
massive style seen in the chests, and early chests of drawers, was 
no longer followed. 

England abandoned the high form for a low form known as 
the French commode. 

7. Queen Anne chair. Early form, rush seat. 1710-20. 

8. Heppelwhite — commode, or night table — inlaid, small 
brass drop handle to drawer, and large brass " Prince of Wales " 
handle in lower part. 

9. Medicine chest. With nearly complete outfit of bottles, 
pair of scales, glass pestle and mortar and other items. i8th 
century. 

10. Long mahogany framed mirror. Queen Anne. Curv- 
ing of upper inside edge indicative of an early date. 

11-12. Two Davenport pottery bulb pots. 

13. Mahogany candle stand ? Square braces. 

14. Mahogany four-post bedstead. Empire style. 1800- 
1810. 

46 



15. Hogarth chair. Fiddle back; shell carving on the 
knees and in center of t(jp rud, ball and claw feet. Made up of 
ogee curves. 

16. Cradle. Mahcjgany, with top. Two styles of cradles 
have l)een f(nind in this country dating before 1700 — one swing- 
ing between uprights which stood firm upon the floor, the other 
swinging on short rockers. 

17. Mahogany chair. Dutch style, ball and claw feet. 
1780. 

18. High chest. Two drawers — made of white w..u<i with 
red stain, in (jriginal condition — brasses fastened to drawer by 
looped wire passed through and bent in middle. Double mould- 
ings. Pate about 1700. 

19. Heppelwhite — corner Wash stand. One drawer, 
brass knc^bs. Toilet set blue and white English pottery. P'our 
pieces. 

20. Copper wanning pan. 

21. Brass foot stove, with pierced work handle. 

22. Brass and iron Hodplatc warmer. 

23. Brass hand stove. Open work. Two handles and 

four brass feet. 

24. Mirror. Mahogany, inlaid frame, carved gilt and wood 
binl ornament, swan neck cornice on lop, with pheasant. 

Hattersea mirror knobs. Rare design. 

25. Embroidered sampler. Hate 17.J5. 

26. Decorated StalTordshirc bulb pot. 

27. Whicldon flour pots with saucers. 

28. Lowestoft vase with cover. < )ne of a five set of 

garniture. 

29. Lowestoft bottle. 

30 31 32. Whieldon pottery birds 

33 34- Pair of silhouettes on wood. Mahogany frames. 
Very rare. 

SECOND STORY SOUTH-EAST ROOM 

35. Curious quilt. Embroidered in crewels in the style 
of the Cheshire wall hangings. England. 

Supposed to be the work of a member of a Hugenot family 
of New York. Early XVlIItli century. 

36. Large bed spread. Said to have iKtn oii^many owned 
by William renn. 

47 



iHtrrors 



The date of a mirror is hard to determine. They cannot be 
identified by the style of a given period with the same accuracy 
as furniture. In England mirrors were first made at Lambeth 
in 1673. Venice had practically supplied the whole world for 
the previous century. Throughout the colonies the early records 
mention looking-glasses of such low value that probably hand 
glasses were meant, after 1680 their value greatly increased. 
Between 1720 and 1740 the frames became similar to the pub- 
lished designs by English architects for mantel-pieces. The 
broken arch cornice was extensively used on mirrors of the 
Queen Anne period. The urn greatly assists in placing the date 
not only of any piece of furniture in which it was used, but in 
determining the date of mirrors. Chippendale's urn was egg- 
shaped, with heavier drapery than the one of Queen Anne's day. 
Those popular in the time of Heppelwhite are without drapery 
and either laterally or longitudinally elongated. Lockwood 
sums it up as follows: "The chief characteristics to be noted 
in mirrors dating between 1700 and 1750 are the mirror in two 
sections joined by simply lapping the glass, the waiving outline 
of the mirror in the upper section, the ornaments of wood instead 
of plaster and wire, and the style of urn." 



C|)airsi 



The 17th century furniture is still to be found in New 
England and New York, but has entirely disappeared from the 
South. 

In the latter part of the i6th century and early in the 17th 
was the rush-bottomed chair, nearly every part of which was of 
turned wood. This turned work lasted for nearly two centuries, 
to a greater or less degree, and is of much interest to Americans, 
as the first furniture that came to the Colonies was of this order. 
Lockwood gives us three styles to the period of 1620 and 1660. 
The turned chair with its spindles differing in design of beauty 
according to their elaboration. 

At the Connecticut Historical Society is a turned chair con- 
sidered to be one of the oldest in this country and assigned to 
the early i6th century. 

At Pilgrim Hall, Plymouth, are to be found Elder Brewster's 
and Governor Carver's chairs, which, according to tradition, were 
brought over in the Mayflower. The latter chair originally had 
a double row of spindles similar to the back about the legs 
between the braces. Both chairs originally with rush seats. 

Chairs with large turned posts, one leg in the back and two 
in front, having triangular seats, were also made, but not com- 
mon to this country. A well-known specimen of this kind is the 
''Harvard College Chair." 

The Wainscott Chair, made of oak, high back and arms, and 
heavy underbracing near the floor, was usually carved. Some- 
times it matched the wainscotting of the room, and showed the 

48 



same design as the chests and cupboards of the period. The 
chair-table, though perfectly plain, is another example of the 
period. Its arms and untlerbracing mark relationship to the 
Wainscott type. 

The leather modification of the Wainscott is of Italian design, 
coming to England through Holland. They are mentioned at 
riyniouth as early as 1643. Square back, and seat covered with 
leather, often studded with brass nails, underbracing at first 
heavy and plain, later turned. i he Spanish leather chairs are 
of a later ilate and tcnally different style. 

The carved frame chairs, with cane seats and backs, likewise 
came from Holland and were very plentiful in England at the 
end of the 17th century. They do not appear in the mventories 
of this country until that date, and were of two styles, Flemish 
and Spanish. In the former we have the scroll foot, which 
generally turns (jutwarti, the carved back suggesting the splat, 
as it is seperate from the upright posts. The wood of both the 
Flemish and Spanish chairs was cither walnut, maple, beech, ur 
occasionally oak. The Spanish style shows the solid back, with 
legs turned, and the foot not a scroll but of a distinct style 
known as the Spanish foot — broad, turning slightly outward and 
fluted. 

i'he Netherlands were more advanced in decorative arts than 
England, and with William and Mary came a Dutch development 
of Italian and later French influence. The cabriole leg began its 
reign with Dutch feet and later their modification, the ball and 
claw; the wide Hat splat, broad seat, shell ornaments carved on 
knee and at the center of seat in front, anil center of top of back, 
were sometimes called Quct-n Anne chairs. Fmm 1700 to 1750 
we have the slat-back and bannister-back, used in cottages and 
survivors of the turned chair; substituting the slats for spindles 
antl commonly known as "three-back," "four-back" and "five- 
back," the last is most often found in New England. The bannis- 
ter-back has also turned legs and uprights, and sometimes arms, 
occasionally with carving. In place of the horizontal slats there 
were spinilles, usually four, rounded in front and flat in the back 
— these two types are generally painted black and have rush 
seals. The round-al)Out or corner chair was so arranged that a 
leg came in the middle of the front and back. 

The universal Wintlsor chairs were made in this country as 
early as 1725. and as early as (^ueen Anne's time in England; 
they were the every-day chair of the period and still survive as 
piazza anil kitchen chairs of today. The American Windsor 
ditters from the English in that the latter usually has the solid or 
pierced splat in the center of the back with the spindles on either 
side — and the American in its various forms, has straight 
spiiulles across the back, sometimes with a comb-like extension 
on toj) for a head rest; the seats of solid wood, and the legs and 
underbraces turned. 

Windsor chairs were maile with or without arms. Those with 
the end of the arms carved like a closed or open hand are much 
sought after. There were also those with the curve of the back 
bent into the arms, and the back supported by two spindle braces 

49 



fastened into an extension of the seat; and lastly the Windsor 
writing chair with its one wide arm. 

Oak characterized the Jacobean period; walnut, Queen Anne; 
mahogany that of Chippendale, Heppelwhite and Sheraton. 

About 1740 cabinet makers began to publish books of design 
of such merit, that the style was no longer known by the name 
of the sovereign in whose reign it was introduced but after its 
originator or chief designer. 

William Jones published one of the first books on interiors 
and furniture in 1739. I^ ^745 Abraham Swan — as Helen Candee 
Wheeler has so happily expressed it — ''interpreted in book form, 
the rococo grafted on the English square construction, illustrat- 
ing delightfully the change of a decorative thought as it passes 
through an alien intelligence." Chippendale's "Gentleman's and 
Cabinet Maker's Director" published in 1753, with its preface by 
Samuel Johnson, has no designs for chairs with ball or claw feet — 
the French foot is constantly repeated — tradition, however, 
ascribes many of the former make to him, and Lockwood offers 
the explanation that "he made what was desired, to order." 

As a rule the English Chippendale chairs are larger and 
heavier than the American and excel in design and workman- 
ship. His style depends for enrichment upon carving, never 
upon inlay nor painting. Though mahogany is so closely associ- 
ated with Chippendale, the Dutch used the wood in 1660, and in 
New York inventories it is mentioned in 1693, and in Phila- 
delphia, 1708. Chippendale's ideas were drawn from the 
French, by the style in vogue when Louis XV reigned; from the 
Dutch, as shown by his adaptation of the bandy leg, the splat, 
the broad seat, and shell ornamentation of Queen Anne's period, 
and from Gothic and Chinese styles. All these were blended, 
and produced a result that was distinctively English, and might 
truly be called original. 

Lockwood illustrates in his "Colonial Furniture" the backs 

of the different styles of chairs, that we may with a degree of 

accuracy place the date and cabinet-maker under which they fall. 

In a Dutch chair the top curves down to the upright pieces 

forming the back, so that they appear to be one piece. 

Chippendale. — The top rail is bow shape, and the ends of the 
top curve up instead of down, and the center is a rising curve. 

Heppelwhite. — The back is always either heart, shield or oval 
in shape. 

Sheraton. — Rectangular in shape, the upper edge often raised 
in the center, and sometimes curved instead of straight. The 
splat forming the back is never simple, neither does it join the 
seat, but is supported by across rail. 

Variations must be allowed in all these designs. 

SECOND STORY— NORTH-EAST ROOM 

1. Gate-legged table. 

2. Mirror. Cut work frame. About 1780. 

3. Sofa. Carved claw feet. Empire. Originally in Van 
Cortlandt House. 

50 



5 i^ 



8 « 

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IS o z 
H 03 W 



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6 « 



O J z 
o > ^ 



o 3 z 



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O jc o 




4- Landscape embroidery on linen. i8th century. 

5. Spinning wheel. 

6. Small leather covered box studded with brass nails. 

7. Pair brass candlesticks. 

8. Mantel clock. Malnjgany ca>c, brass [ncrLcel side 
panels and top haiulle. From 1790-1800, 

9. Thread winder. Mahogany. 

10. Two wool carders. From Jonas IMatt's house, 
Kinjj's Park, I-on;; isKind. 

11. Small spinning wheel. 

12. Yarn winder. 

13. Reel for winding wool or linen. 

14. Corner wash stand. .Mahogany. Characteristic of 
Meppclwhite; legs curved outward. Bowl and pitcher. Stafford- 
shire priiilrij ware*. 

15. Three Windsor chairs. I an backs. 

16. Child's rocking chair. Used by four generations. 

17. Slat back, turned child's chair. 

18 19. Rush bottom chairs. New Kngland type of ruck- 
ing chair — period last c|uarter of i8lh century. 

20. Wooden cradle. Covered with leather and studded 

with l)rass nails. M.irkfd 17.^4. 

21. Two water color flower studies. Painted on white 

satin by I^li/.i Kliol. I. ate iHth century. 

22. Case containing samples and various articles of 
needle work. One piece of embroidery in colored wools on 
homespun liru-n, by Klisabcth Wyllys. 

IJorn 1 70S. Great granddaughter of Governor George 
Wyllys. 

23. Chair table. .Arms and underbracing show .1 v . ..^ of 
the Wainscott type. The upturned top made it useful in keep- 
ing off ilrau^hts. 

24. Furniture of almost every variety was made in minia- 
ture, probably for chiUlren's toys. It was advertised for sale in 

New York i)etween 1760-1770. 

THE WASHINGTON ROOM 

So named by the Van Cortlandt family .liter a visit from 
General George Washington 

1. Writing chair. Winilsm. .\n American development, 
having one wiile arm. 

2. Chair in Dutch style. Handy legs and underbraced. 
About i7vSo. 

5» 



3. Foot rest. Mahogany. For gouty foot. 
4-5. Copper and brass Warming pans. 

6. Piece from dinner service, with the insignia of the 
Cincinnati. Used by General Washington. 

7. Sword. Damascene blade. Captured from a Hessian 
officer at the battle of Butts Hill, near Newport, R. I., August 
29, 1778, by Col. John Trumbull. 

8. Pair of brass mounted pistols. 

9. Ebony mantel clock. Empire period. 

10. Girandole. 

11. Round-a-bout chair. 

12. Bed table. Tripod stand. 

13. Inlaid mahogany commode. About 1790. 

14. Cosey chair. Ball and claw feet, under brace. 1750. 

15. Four High post bedstead and dimity hangings. 

Used by General Washington. 

16. Plate chest. 

17. Corner wash-stand. Heppelwhite design. Bowl and 
pitcher. Staffordshire printed. 

18. Mirror. Like No. 2 in the northeast room. 

ig. Writing desk. Said to have been used by General 
Washington while visiting at Van Cortlandt. 

20. Silver mounted pistol. 

21. Piece of Martha Washington's wedding dress. 

Piece of the seal presented to General Washington by 
the ladies of Boston. 

Piece of General W^ashington's bed curtain. 

Pair of small glass toilet bottles used by General Wash- 
ington; also a jelly glass. 

22. Chair. Chippendale style, showing Chinese influence. 

23. Old mahogany blanket chest. 

24. Chair. Covered with horse hair. Used by Henry Clay 
in the Senate chamber. 

25. Invitation to Col. Lamb to dine with General 
Washington at West Point, 1780. 

52 



Cf)f i\ttrf)cn 



In Colonial days the homestead kitchen was the thrifty 
dame's domain. The wide fireplace, with the oven attached, 
occupied one whole side of the room, so large "we can brew 
and bake and boyl our Cyttle all at once in him." The hearth 
corners held trivets, peels and skillets; above the clavel piece 
were festoons of dried apples and peppers. Here the tireless 
housewife made preserves and conserves of quince, cherry and 
damson; marmalets, syrups, poppy-water, mint-water, cordials 
and cherry- water; egg cakes, makroons, apple slump, apple 
mose and apple crowdy. She must see to it also that in the 
darkened cellar beyond were stored betimes "great bins of 
apples, potatoes, parsnips and turnips, barrels of cider and vine- 
gar, hogsheads of corned beef, salt |)ork and hams, tonnekins of 
salted shad and mackerel, kilderkins of home-made lard, jars of 
pickles, kegs of souse, rolliches, head cheese, and sausages." 
Withal she must find time to weave and spin as well as bake and 
brew. 

Could the flax wheels speak, they would sing a talc of patient 
industry. Kvery fanner raised wool and flax, which the wives 
and daughters spun into thread and yarn. 

" Whilst the shuttle swiftly flies. 
With cheerful heart I work and sing. 
And envy none beneath the skies." 

X. Flax Wheel. 

Flax was gciurally pulled for spinning early in July, proving 
the old saying, "June brings the flax." The spinner sat at the 
small flax wheel, moistened her fingers, usually in a gourd of 
water tied to her distaff, placed her foot on the treadle and s|)un 
the fibre into a long, even thread. In 1640 the Court of Massa- 
chusetts passed two orders directing the growth of flax. In 
Connecticut every family was ordered to spin a certain number 
of pounds of flax a year or else pay a fine. Rustic lovers often 
carved legends or letterings on the rims of the spinning-wheels, 
shuttles and hand-reels. 

2. Wool Wheel. 

Wool spinning retjuircd a most alert and tlexible series of 
movements. The spinner, poised slightly forward, steppetl 
swiftly back and forth, deftly winding her yarn on the spindle. 
A good day's work for an active sj^inner was six skeins of yarn. 
1\) accomplish this, it was estimated she would walk over twenty 
miles, 

3. Two Windsor Chairs. 

Windsor chairs were manufactured in Philadelphia about the 
middle of the eighteenth century. Much more comf(jrtable than 
the bannister or slat-backed chairs then in common use. 

4. Dutch Milk Can. 

5. Churn. 

An upright churn. Comparatively few New England families 
owned churns in the seventeenth century, so that not many could 

53 



have made butter, but in the eighteenth century every good 
dame in the country made cream and butter and the duties of 
the dairy were unceasing. 

6. Child's rush-bottomed high chair. 

7. Old dresser. The property of Stephen Skinner, Colon- 
ial Treasurer of New Jersey. 

"On the dressers were placed in orderly rows the cheerful 
pewter and scant earthenware of the household." 

8. Mortar and pestle. 

Both grain and spices were pounded with a pestle in a mortar. 

9. Earthenware tankard. 

Earthenware appears in the list of sales at Fort Orange, 
proving its early use in the colonies. 

10. W^hite jelly mould. 

11. Pewter ladle. 

12. Two coffee canisters. 

13. Pewter tankard. 

From tankards they drank Beere, Wheay or Buttermilk and 
the mild fermented drinks made and drunk in large quantities in 
Colonial days. 

14. Pink Staffordshire platter. 

15. Wooden mortar and pestle. Burgess House, Dux- 
bury. 1630. 

16. Photographic reproduction of old Recipe Book. 

Belonging to Mrs. Thomas Hillhouse (Anna Van Schaick Ten 
Broeck, 1787-1865). 

17. Four Staffordshire plates. 

18. Stoneware plate. 

19. Purple printed-ware bowl. 

20. Staffordshire pepper pot. 

21. Brass hour glass. 

'* So runs the round of life from hour to hour." 

22. Brown Staffordshire cup. 

23. Wooden mortar and pestle. 

24. Staffordshire gravy boat. 

25. Two pewter plates. 

26. Two hot-water plates. 

27. Seven pewter spoons. 

All colonists had spoons, as much of the food was in the 
form of soup and was called "spoon meat." 

28. Pewter mustard pot. 

29. Two large pewter plates. 

54 



30. Pewter candlestick. 

31. Pewter porringer. 

A porringrr was a shallow, circular dish, with a flat, plain 
or pierced handle; small porrinj^ers were sometimes called 
" posnets." 

32. Pewter coffee pot. 

33. Oval pewter platter. 

34. Pewter tea pot. 

In Revolutionary days, at the time of the Stamp Act, many 
home-^rown substitutes for tea were used, such as rib-wort, 
"Liberty Tea" from the four-leafed loosestrife, and "Hyperion 
Tea " from raspberry, strawberry and currant leaves, sage and 
thorou^hwort. 

This was pronounced by good patriots to be "very delicate 
and most excellent." 

35. Small pewter tea pot. 

36. Three round pewter platters or chargers. 

In ("oloiiial tmifs a full set of pewter platters, plates and 
dishes was called "A (iarnish of rewier." This was a favorite 
gift to a bride. 

A kind of horse-tail rush gathered in the marshes, called 
"scourinjj rush," was iisrd tf) scour pewter. 

37. Pewter sugar bowl. 

38. Old Chinese ginger jar. 

39. Two candle moulds. 

Candles were made by being run in moulds usually of tin or 
pewter. There were large moulds that made two dozen and 
smaller ones that Hiade six. Candles were also made by the 
tedious process of dipping. The fragrant bayberry furnished a 
pale green wax for fine candles, which was never greasy to the 
touch; *' neither docs the snuff of these ever offend the smell 
like that of a tallow candle." 

The thrifty housewife was known by her stock of symmetrical 
candles 

40. F'ourtcen kitchen utensils. 

41. Settle from "back of the Catskills," hand-made 
by jail \'aii Ihjesen about 1710. 

42. Photograph of Southern Kitchen in *• The Refuge, " 
Camden County, Ceor^ia. 

43. Old mirror. 

44. Eggnogg shaker. 

45. Five old bottles. 

In very early days glass bottles were of such rarity as to be 

beciueathed in wills with special mention. 

46. Madeira wine bottle marked F.V.C. 1765. 

These initials, enclosed in a heart raised on glass, are those 
of Fredcrii Van Cortlandt. 

55 



47- Wine bottle marked Sidney Breese, 1765. 

48. Hanging Clock. 

49. "Warming pan. 

A pan with a perforated metal cover of copper or brass and a 
long wooden handle. These were filled with hot coals, thrust 
within the bed, and moved rapidly back and forth, so as to warm 
the sheets without scorching them and infuse some heat into the 
ice-cold beds of the winter bedrooms. 

50. Dutch Oven. Burgess House, Duxbury. 1630. 

The Dutch Oven, or Roasting Kitchen. Cylindrical in form, 
standing on four feet, for the roasting of meat and poultry 
before the open fire. The joint to be cooked was held in place 
by a long spit, which projected at each end, so the meat could 
be turned without opening the cylinder. There was a little door 
at the back for convenience in basting. 

51. Pone Oven. 

For baking any bread made of Indian corn or meal, com- 
monly called corn-pone. Much used in the southeastern United 
States by the negroes and poor whites. 

52. Glass lantern. 

Old time lantern, often of pierced metal, nearly always hung 
by the side of the fireplace near the warming pan. 

53. Iron lantern. 

54. Coffee roaster.. 

55. Long-handled shovel. 

The long handle, to make endurable the blazing heat of the 
logs. 

56. Wafer-iron. 

It was quite customary for newly-married couples to have one 
of these wafer-irons made with the united initials and the date 
upon it, so that the impression of the letters and figures was 
made on the cakes when baked. 

57. Steel waffle-iron. Burgess House, Duxbury. 1630. 

58. Peel or Slice. Burgess House, Duxbury. 1630. 

For putting pies and loaves of bread in the deep oven. It 
hung by the oven side. The Bread-peel was a universal gift to 
a bride, as significant of domestic utility and good luck. 

59. Two spiders for trying lard. 

60. Two Chimney Cranes. 

Cranes which held a motley collection of pot-hooks, pot- 
hangers, pot-clips, pot-crooks, pot-claws and trammels. 

61. Three iron pots, two skillets and kettle. Burgess 
House. Duxbury. 1630. 

62. Four brass candlesticks. 

63. Chafing-dish. 

56 



64. Footstove. 

" 'I'he fo(nstove, fireside neighbor to the warming pan. 
A box of perforated metal in a wooden frame in which hot coals 
were placed to warm the feet of the good wife during a winter's 
drive or in the bleak, unhealed meeting houses." 

65. Dutch baking-dish, Pennsylvania. 

66. Pie plate, Pennsylvania. 

67. Earthenware cream jar. 

68. Wafer-iron and waffle-iron. 

69. Toaster. Burgess House, Duxbury. 1630. 

Toast rack on its spindling legs, of somewhat later date than 
the frying [)ans, trivets, spits and cauldrons. 

70. Whale-oil lamp. 

In the oil made from whales, the ( olonists found a cheap 
supply for their metal and glass lamps. 

71. Fire pot-hooks. 

On tlu! pui li(;uk> or trammels pots and kettles could be hung 
at varyiiiK heights over the fire. 

*' On went the boilers, till the hake 
Had much ado to bear *em " 

72. Wrought-iron tongs. Burgess House, Duxbury. 1630. 

73. Coal screen-shovel. Burgess House, Duxbury. 1630. 

74. Coal carrier. 

75. Toaster. 

76. Revolving gridiron. 

So the meal could hi' lurne(! .'^.' k...;!..,! .■^■.■1^]y iw.»',,,-,. the 
open fire. 

77. Bull's-eye lamp used in ilic illumination at Quebec 

in honor of ( irorv^c the lourth. 

78. Brass cake turner. 

79. Brass skimmer. 

80. Pot-hooks and extension crane. Burgess House, 

Duxhury. if>3o. 

81. Two brass kettles. 

82. Dutch oven. 

83. Flintlock gun. 

The favorite restinjr place for a fowling-piece was on hooks 
over the kitchen fire — for nearly every man possessed a gun, 
a powder horn and a bullet pouch. 

84. Powder horn. 

Tlu'sc were trci|uenlly carved, attesting to months of patient 
work. Maps, plans, legends, family history, dates of births, 
marriages and deaths, and lists of battles were recorded on 
them, making them valuable as historical records. 

57 



85. Old corner cupboard. 

86. Blue Canton China and blue English ware (in cup- 
board). 

87. Three blue ginger jars from China. 

88. Hog's collar. 

89. Wooden scales and weights. Burgess House, Dux- 
bury. 1630. 

90. Churn, wooden paddles and rolling-pin. Burgess 
House, Duxbury. 1630. 

91. Candle mould. 

92. Chopping bowl. 

93. Covered kneading trough. 

Wooden bread trough used in every home. 

94. Tallow dips and wicks. 

The wicks were made of loosely-spun hemp, tow or cotton. 
Each wick was attached to a wire or nail placed across the open 
top of the cylinder and hung down in the centre of each 
individual mould. The melted tallow was poured in carefully 
around the wicks. 

95. Iron candlestick. 

96. Two brass smoothing-irons. 

97. Mould for bonny-clabber. 

Tin mould with a perforated pattern on a small sheet of tin 
inside to impress the design on the bonny-clabber as it stiffened. 
Bonny-clabber was a kind of "curds and whey." 

98. Queen-Bee trap. 

99. Butter Print. 

100. Large pewter spoon, 

loi. Two tailors' geese. 

102. Brass smoothing iron. 

103. Copper coffee pot. 

104. Wooden fork, Virginia. 

105. Chopping bowl. 

106. Fluting iron. 

107. Tin whale-oil lamp. 

108. Spice grinder. 

109. Knife box. 

no. Horn-handled knife and fork. 

111. Iron mortar and pestle. Burgess House, Duxbury. 
1630. 

112. Old kitchen table. 

53 



113. Old rush-bottomed armchair. 

114. Fiddle-back rush-bottomed chair. 

115. Brass kettle, iron pot, iron tea kettle and trivet, 
from old kitchen of "The Refuge," Camden County, Georgia. 

The largest iron pot used to boil the grease and lye together 
at the annual spring making of soft soap, one of the most trying 
of all the household industries. The day, chosen after consulta- 
tion with the family counselor, the almanac, that the moon be in 
the right (luarttr and the tide at flood. 

Trivet. A movable frame to hold pots in the place of legs. 
They were of varying heights, so that the body of the utensil 
could be raised above the ashes and coals of the open fireplace 
to exactly the desired proximity. 

116. Spider. 

A flat iron pot or bakc-pan. 

117. Thrcc-lcggcd iron pot. 
1 18 Gravy boat. 



In the preparation of this catalogue the works of the follow- 
ing authors have been consulted and drawn from: Bancroft, 
Wilson, Lamb, Lossing, Ruttenbcrg, Murat Halstead, R. T. 
iiames Halsey, John H. Buck, William Loring Andrews, Helen 
Churchill Candce, William Gordon Vcrplanck, Luke Vincent 
Lockwood, Moore, Wood. Markham, Bell, Mrs. Alice Morse 
Earl, Mrs. Gertrude X'andcrhilt .uul othfrs, brwi.l.-*. ilw vnri.ms 
encyclopiudias. 



59 



In the Hudson-Fulton Exhibit at the Metropolitan 
Museum of Art in Central Park, will be found two 
interesting collections made by the Colonial Dames of 
the State of New York. A collection of Portraits, 
by distinguished Painters, illustrating the Colonial 
Period and of great historical value ; also a collection 
of Colonial Silver fully representing the work of the 
English and American Colonial Silversmiths of the 
17th and 1 8th centuries. 



60 



List of Institutions holding Free Exhibitions under the auspices 

of or in cooperation with the Scientific, Historical and 

Art Committees of the Hudson-Pulton 

Celebration Commission 

AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, Seventy- 
seventh Street, from Cfjiuinhus Avenue to Ccntril Park N^'est. Open daiiv, except 
Sundays, troni 9 a.m. to 9 p.m.; Sundays from i to 5 p.m. Always tree. Special 
Exhibition during the Hudson-Fulton Celebration, from Septem- 
ber ist to December ist. Original objects showmg the life and 
habits of the Indians of Manhattan Island and the Hudson River 
Valley. (Special illustrated guide tor sale; price, lO cents.) 

Take Sixth or Ninth Avenue Klevated Riilway to Eighty-hrst Street, or Subway 
to Seventy-ninth Street; also reached by all surface cars running through Columbui 
Avenue or Central I'.irlc U'rs*. 

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. 
Engineering Building, 29 V^'est Thirty-ninth Street. Robert Fulton Exhibition 
consists of paintings, drawings, books, decorations and furniture, 
and working models of John Flitch's steamboat, the first boat 
operated and propelled by steam, Robert Fulton's "Clermont," 
the Hrst successful application of steam to navigation, and John 
Stevens's " Phoenix," the first steamboat to sail on the ocean. 

The exhibition will be shown in the Council Room o\ the StKiet\ , on the 
eleventh floor, and will be open Irom 9.00 a.m. until 5.30 p.m. during the entire 
period of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration, and from 9.00 a.m. until 5.00 p.m. 
dailv until Dctcinhcr ()'\\ 

BROOKLYN INSTITUTE, Eastern Parkway. Open diily, except 
Sundays, from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.; Sundays from 2 to 6 p.m.; 'Fhursday evenings 
from 7.30 to 9.30 p.m. Free except on Mondays tnd Tuc»<iiy«, when admission fee 
is charged of 25 cent* for adults and 10 ccnti for children under six yean of age. 
Collections i!lustr.iting various departments of Arch.rologv, Mineralogv and 
Ethnography. Special Exhibition relating to past and present life of 
Indians on Long Island. Portrait of Robert Fulton painted by 
himself, the property of Col. Henry T. Chapman and loaned by 
him to the Museum. Open September 1st to December 31st. 
(Illustrateil cat.iloguc tor s.ile. ) 

Take Subway Express to Atlantic Avenue, or Flatbush Avenue Trollcv from 
Brooklvn Bridge. St fohn's Pl.ice surf.ice car from .Atlantic .Avenue or Borough Hall. 

CHILDREN'S MUSEUM (Brooklyn Institutci, Bedford Park, 
Brooklyn .Avenue. Collection illustrative of the fauna of Long Island. 
Open free to the public from Monday to Saturday (inclusive) from 9 a.m. to 5.30 
p.m., and on Sutulav troni 2 until ^J.^o p.m. 

CITY HISTORY CLUB OF NEW YORK. i\ West Forty-fourth 
Street. Special Exhibition of Illustrations. Photographs. Maps and 
Plans relating to the history of the City of New York, and all of 
the originals used in the City History Club Historical Guide Book 
of the City of New York. 

COLLEGE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. St. Nicholas 
Avenue and 1 39th Street. Hudson-Fulton Exhibit. During the Hudson- 
Fulton Celebration and for some weeks thereafter, the College of 
the City of New York will have on exhibition in its historical 
museum a collection of charts, views, manuscripts and relics 

61 



representing old New York. Among the charts will be original prints of 
New Netherlands and New Amsterdam by Nicholas J. Vischer, about 1650; 
N. Visscher, 1690; Lotter's «* New Jorck," 1720; contemporary plans and views 
of the Revolutionary period showing the movements of Washington and Howe in 
this vicinity during the Campaign of 1776; Revolutionary battle relics; portraits, 
residences and letters of old New Yorkers ; bronze busts of Washington, Lincoln 
and Fulton by Houdon and Volk ; and other material suggested by the celebration. 

Take Sixth Avenue Elevated Railway to 140th Street, or Broadway Subway to 
One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Street. 

DEPARTMENT OF PARKS, BOROUGHS OF BROOK- 
LYN AND QUEENS. Through the courtesy of Commissioner Michael J. 
Kennedy, the different species of trees have been labeled in Prospect Park, from the 
Plaza to the Willink Entrance ; in Bedford Park ; in Highland Park, and in Tompkins 
Park. An additional small enameled sign has been hung on those 
labeled trees that were indigenous to the Hudson River Valley 
in 1609. The special label reads : <' This species is a native of the 
Hudson River Valley." 

FRAUNCES TAVERN, 54 Pearl Street, near Broad Street. Historic 
Revolutionary Building. Built in 17 19. Scene of Washington's farewell to his 
officers on December 4, 1783. Restored December 4, 1907, by the New York 
Society of the Sons of the Revolution. Open daily, except Sundays, from 9 a.m. to 
6 p.m. Special Exhibition of Revolutionary Relics by the New 
York State Society of the Sons of the Revolution, who are the own- 
ers of the historic building, September 15th to November ist. 

Take Subway to Bowling Green Station, or Third Avenue Elevated Railway to 
Hanover Square Station, or Broadway surface cars. 

LONG ISLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY, corner of Pierrepont 
and Clinton Streets, Brooklyn, between Brooklyn Bridge and Borough Hall. Open 
daily, except Sundays, from 8.30 a.m. to 6 p.m. Reference library of 70,000 vol- 
umes ; manuscripts, relics, etc. Autograph receipt of Robert Fulton and 
original manuscript volume of Danker's and Sluyter's "Journal 
of a Voyage to New York in 1679-80." 

Take Subway to Borough Hall, Brooklyn ; Third Avenue Elevated Railway or 
surface cars to Brooklyn Bridge, connecting with Bridge cars. 

METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART, Central Park East. Main 
entrance on Fifth Avenue at Eighty-second Street. Open daily, except Sundays, 
from 10.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m.; until Dec. 31st, to 5.00 p.m.; Saturdays to 10.00 
p.m.; Sundays from i.oo to 6.00 p.m. On Mondays and Fridays an admission fee 
of 25 cents is charged, except to members and copyists. Collections illustrating all 
departments of Art and Archaeology. Special Exhibition of a rnagnificent 
Collection of over 130 of the works of 17th century Dutch Masters, 
constituting the finest Exhibition of this kind ever made. Products 
of Colonial Art: American Paintings, Furniture, Pewter and Silver 
of the 17th and i8th centuries, etc. (Two catalogues for sale, one of Dutch 
Exhibit and one of Colonial Arts; price, 10 cents each. Also finely illustrated edition 
de luxe.) 

Take Fifth Avenue stages or Madison Avenue surface cars to Eighty-second 
Street, one block east of Museum; connection with Subway at Forty-second Street, 
and with Elevated Railway and West Side surface cars at Fifty -ninth Street. 

NATIONAL ARTS CLUB, Twentieth Street near Irving Place 
(Gramercy Park). This house was formerly the residence of Samuel J. Tilden, and 
is situated one block east of the birth-place of Ex-President Roosevelt. Open daily 
from September 20th to about October i8th, 1909, from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Special 

62 



Loan Exhibition by the National Arts Club, in cooperation with 
the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. 

Three centuries of New York City : Special Exhibition of 
Paintings, Photographs, Drawings and other interesting materials, 
illustrating the growth and progress of New York from the time of 
Henry Hudson to the present day. 

Take Fourth or Madison Avenue surface cars to corner of Fourth Avenue and 
Twentieth Street, one block west ot' Club-hou5C. Subway Station at Eighteenth 
Street and Fourth Avenue, three blocks away. 

NEW YORK AQUARIUM, in Battery Park. Under the management 
of the New York Z-oological Society. Open daily, including Sundays, from 9 a.m. 
to 5 p.m. until October 15th. (October 1 6ih to April 14th, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.) 
This building was erected in 1807 by the United States Government as a fort and after 
the War ot i 8 i 2 was called Castle Clinton; later, as Castle Garden, it was the scene 
of Jenny Lind'b triumphs, and from 1855 to 1890 it was the portal ot the New 
World for 7,690,606 immigrants. This is the largest aquarium in the world and 
contains a greater number of specimens and species than any other. All tanks con- 
taming fish indigenous to the Hudson River will be so marked. 

Take any Elevated Railway to Battery Plate Station, or Subway to Bowling (irccn 
Station. Also reached by all surtacc cars which go to South Ferry. 

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Bronx Park. Museums 
open daily iiuluiiin^ Sundays trorn 10 4.111. •<> ; rm.; Conservatories from lo a.m. 
to 4 p.m. (irouiuLs always open. In the Grounds and Conservatories 
exhibits of Plants, Shrubs, Trees and Natural Woodland; m the 
Museums, Plant Products utilized in the Arts. Sciences and 
Industries. All Trees gro\ving on Manhattan Island and Hudson 
River Valley at the time of Hudson's arrival are marked with the 
letter "H." (SjK-cial illustra.ed catalogue for sale.) 

Take Third Avenue Klevated Railway to Bronx Park (Botanical Girden). Sub- 
way passengers change at Third .Avenue and 149th Street. Al»o reached by Harlem 
Divi.sion of the New York Central Railroad from CJrand Central Station, Fourth 
Avenue and l'*(jrtv-5Ci <jnd Street. 

NEW YORK GENEALOGICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL 
SOCIETY, 226 West Kitty-eighth Street, l>eiwccn Broadway and Seventh Avenue. 
Open dailv, except Sundays, from 10.00 a.m. to ^.00 p.m., until November ist. 
Special Exhibition of old Deeds, Manuscripts, Books, Portraits, 
etc., relating to the history of the United States up to and includ- 
ing the War of 181 2. (Catalogue tor sale.) 

Take Broadway surtace cars to corner of Fifiy-cighth Street. Subway station at 
Columbus Circle (Kitty ninth Street), two blocks distant. Sixth Avenue Elevated 
station at Ninth .Avenue and Ki:t\ -ninth Street, three blocks away. 

NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY, corner of Seventy-seventh 
Street and Central Park U'est. September 2^th to October 30th, open daily from 
9 a.m. to !; p.m. Robert Fulton Exhibition of the New York 
Historical Society, in cooperation with the Colonial Dames of 
America. (Catalogue tor sale.) 

Take Sixth Avenue Elevated Railway to Eighty-first Street and Columbus 
Avenue, or surtace cars traversing Central Park West. .Also reached by any Columbus 
Avenue surface car to Sevcntv -.seventh Street. 

NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY, Lenox Branch. Fifth Avenue 
and Scvctitv-second Street. Open d.iil\ , except Sundays, from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. 
Special Exhibition of Prints, Books, Manuscripts, etc., relating to 

^3 



Henry Hudson, the Hudson River, Robert Fulton and Steam 
Navigation. (Special illustrated catalogue for sale; price, lo cents.) 

Take Fifth Avenue Stages, or Madison Avenue surface cars to Seventy-second 
Street, one block east of Library; connection with Subway at Grand Central Station 
and with Elevated Railway and West Side surface cars at Fifty-ninth Street. 

NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK, under the management of the 
New York Zoological Society, in Bronx Park. Open daily, including Sundays, 
from 9 a.m. until an hour before sunset (November i to May i from lo a.m.). 
Free, except on Mondays and Thursdays, when an admission fee of 25 cents is 
charged. Exhibition of a splendid collection of Animals, Birds and Reptiles. The 
fauna of Henry Hudson's time on Manhattan Island and Hudson 
River Valley will be indicated by the flag of the Hudson-Fulton 
Celebration. (Special illustrated catalogue for sale.) 

Take Subway trains marked **Bronx Park Express" to terminus at i8oth Street, 
or Third Avenue Elevated to Fordham Station. The entrances are reached by 
numerous surface cars. 

REFORMED DUTCH CHURCH. The Reformed Protestant 
Dutch Church of the City of New York will make an exhibit in 
the chapel of the Church of St, Nicholas, Fifth Avenue and 48th 
Street, during the week of the celebration, 9 to 5 daily. 

This church was organized A.D. 1628, and the exhibit will comprise articles 
connected with its long history. 

VAN CORTLANDT HOUSE MUSEUM, in Van Cortlandt Park. 
This fine colonial mansion, built in 1748, with furniture of the period, is one of the 
oldest houses within the area of Greater New York; it is in the custody of the Colonial 
Dames of the State of New York. Open daily, 9.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. Special 
Exhibition of Mezzotint Portraits of men prominent in political 
life prior to the Revolution ; W^edgwood's Medallion Portraits of 
Illustrious Personages ; Cartoons and Caricatures of political 
events, etc. (Special illustrated catalogue on sale.) 

Take Harlem Railroad from Grand Central Station; Sixth Avenue Elevated 
Railway, connecting at i 5 5th Street with the Putnam Division of the New York Central 
Railroad; or Subway trains marked ** Van Cortlandt Park." 

WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS (The Jumel Mansion), 
Roger Morris Park, Edgecombe Road and One Hundred and Sixty-second Street. 
Built about 1760. Under the Department of Parks. Exhibition by the ladies of the 
Washington Headquarters Association, Daughters of the American Revolution. Open 
free daily, including Sundays, from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Special features : Col- 
lection of Colonial furnishings, objects and pictures; also the 
Bolton Collection of 'War Relics of the Revolution. 

Take *« Tenth Avenue, Broadway, and Amsterdam Avenue*' surface cars of the 
Third Avenue system; Sixth Avenue Elevated Railway to One Hundred and Fifty- 
fifth Street, or Broadway Subway to One Hundred and Fifty-seventh Street. 

BY SPECIAL CARD ONLY 

AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, 15 West 8 ist Street. 
Special Exhibition of Books and Maps relating to Henry Hudson 
and Robert Fulton. Admission can be obtained by card. Apply to the 
Librarian, 15 West 8ist Street. Open from September 25 th to October 9th, from 
9 a.m. to 5 p.m. GEORGE F. KUNZ, 

Hudson- Fulton Celebration Commission, 
Tribune Building, New York. 

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